Atlantic desert spot culture technology

The Atlantic desert spotted gingiva, also known as the American desert spotted gingiva, southern pelicans, is a subspecies of the bony fish, oystercatchers, suborders, cockroaches, gingivae, and genus of the genus Polygonaceae. The largest species of squid in many species, naturally distributed in the Gulf of the United States from North Carolina to southern Florida, and also distributed along the Strait of southern Texas. The spotted gingiva is similar to the brown gingivae in China. It is flat and oval in shape. Both eyes are located on the left side of the head. The left side of the body is light brown, with irregular spots, and the abdomen is light in color. Change with the surrounding environment to hide the body and avoid predators. Desert spotting gums are broadly salty fish and can usually survive in seawater and freshwater. Females grow faster than males, and two ages can reach sexual maturity. Males usually have a life span of two years and it is reported that the longest-lived male fish in South Carolina can reach more than three years. In the same age of fish, the female body is significantly larger than the male body weight, and a third-year female adult can reach about 25 cm. In the natural seas, the adult fish can grow up to 75 cm. The female grows faster than the male. When the second-instar reaches sexual maturity, the male can reach 20 cm to 25.5 cm in length and the female can reach 30 cm to 35.6 cm. If artificial breeding is carried out, its growth period is obviously shortened, and the effect is quicker and the benefit is better. In the natural waters, desert spot gums have the ability to ambush predation. The larvae mainly use crustaceans as bait. As the fish grows, they gradually feed on various fishes. The prey on the larvae usually include spotted eel, striped eel and white carp, and grass prawns. The spotted gingiva have the characteristics of rapid growth, excellent quality, wide adaptability, strong resistance to stress, etc., and are exquisite in meat quality and rich in nutrients, and are recognized as excellent cultured fish. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the United States has begun to study the breeding and breeding techniques of desert spot gums. It has made breakthroughs in physiology, ecology, artificial reproduction and breeding techniques. The breeding of desert spotted gingiva has become an emerging aquaculture industry developed rapidly in the United States. . After introducing this species into China, it has great development value and has broad development prospects. I. Breeding of desert spot gums 1. Selection of seedlings and seedlings (1) Specifications Desert spotting gums and brown gums are relatively close in terms of aquaculture technology and are easily mastered in production. Generally when the seed grows to more than 5 cm, it can be stocked in a large pool. The seedlings are best placed at a size of 8 cm or more. At this time, the seedlings are enhanced in their constitution and the disease resistance is improved. The adaptability of the fry after entering the pond is strong and it is easy to increase the survival rate. (2) Seed selection When purchasing seedlings, pay attention to the choice of complete body shape, normal body color, no deformity, no albino, no damage to fins, fast-moving fry, uniform size, no disease state, no parasites. (3) When the seedlings are planted outside the farm, the seedlings will be released when the water temperature is above 18°C. It is advisable to use April to May every year. Because the water temperature is too low early, the fry is difficult to adapt to, and even reduce the survival rate of seed; too late will affect its growth into a commercial fish. (4) Stocking density pond culture, stocking 500 to 800 tails per acre; Pond cage breeding, stocking 100 to 200 tails per cage of 3 meters, 3 meters and 1.5 meters; Cage breeding in sea areas, each 3 meters 3 3.5-meter cages are stocked with 300 to 400 pigs; factory-built greenhouses are farmed, and about 20 stocks are stocked per square meter. 2. The selection of ponds can be bred by using the existing shrimp ponds with slight modification. The required water depth is about 1.5 meters, the water sources are sufficient, the water quality is fresh and pollution-free, and the facilities for water intake and drainage are well equipped. Before the seedlings are released, they must be treated at the bottom of the pond. The dry pool must be dredged, the bottom of the pool must be loosened, and the weathering and exposure should be conducted for more than 10 days. Influent water 30 cm to 50 cm, with bleaching powder for disinfection, the effective chlorine content in the pool water more than 10ppm, chlorine bleach 25% to 30% of the general application of 40 grams per cubic meter of water. Second, to develop management 1. Water quality and change the quality of aquaculture water quality is related to the success of breeding. During the whole process of aquaculture, attention should be paid to the observation of changes in water temperature and water quality, and regular measurement of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, and sulfide concentration. The adjustment of pond aquaculture water can be controlled by adjusting the amount of water exchanged. The amount of water changed is proportional to the water temperature. 2. Feed nutrition and processing Desert spot gums are carnivorous benthic fishes. Stir the vitamins and flour evenly, then mix it with fishmeal and yeast powder, and then add the fish oil to mix evenly. Add fresh fish and fresh shrimp (or frozen fish and shrimp). The mixture is put into a granulator and stirred. Pellet feed. The raw materials used to process the wet pellet feed are mainly salmon, sardine, squid, noodle, blueliner and other miscellaneous fishes, which require good freshness, poor freshness or excessively long freezing time. In the breeding process, vitamin C, vitamin E and multivitamins can be added to the feed to strengthen the nutrition of the fish and prevent the onset of disease due to lack of nutrition. Pay attention to the processing of the bait to be fed the same day, and the remaining properly stored frozen. The maximum storage time cannot exceed 2 days to prevent deterioration. Commercial feeds that meet nutritional requirements can be used. Note that when the water temperature is lower or higher, the number of feedings and the amount of feeding can be appropriately reduced. In principle, there can be no residual bait, and no bait can be given before the medicinal bath. Third, the desert spot teeth carp disease control 1. Clarify the causes of fish disease (1) water temperature changes Fish are hypothermic animals, can not regulate body temperature, fish body temperature changes with the temperature of the living environment, the water temperature changes suddenly Changes will cause fish to die. When the body temperature of larvae and juveniles generally exceeds 2°C and the adult fish exceeds 5°C, the fish is under stress, and it is most likely to die at this time. (2) Dissolved oxygen in water The fish consumes more oxygen. The dissolved oxygen level of the fish living environment is often under less than adequate conditions. Especially in the case of high-density culture, oxygen deficiency often occurs and the fish can easily become ill. Therefore, it is important to take some oxygenation measures according to the actual situation. Suitable dissolved oxygen is generally 4 mg/L to 12 mg/L, most preferably 8 mg/L to 9 mg/L. (3) COD is less than 3 mg/L. If the content of ammonia nitrogen and COD in the water is too high, the water quality will be corrupted and diseases will occur easily. (4) The pH is preferably 6.0 to 9.5, most preferably 7 to 8.2. In the breeding process, as long as you pay attention to regular observations and tests, it is easier to grasp. (5) Salinity and temperature environment adaptability is strong, it is the obvious advantage of desert spot gingiva relative to other fish. The suitable salt range is 0-60, preferably 5-35, and it can even grow in fresh water. The water temperature range is 1°C to 35°C, and the culture range is 18°C ​​to 30°C. (6) Baits Fish are also often "sick from the mouth," so it is important to choose what kind of bait. For the live bait and the matching bait, it is necessary to pay attention to the collocation and freshness of nutrition, and to avoid contamination during processing. Feed protein requirements 32% to 48%, the best 38% to 48%. Farming 8 months to 12 months can generally reach about 600 grams to 800 grams. 2. Fish Disease Prevention Measures (1) Stocking Density The stocking density of the fry should be appropriate, and the stocking density is too large, resulting in increased feeding amount and excretion of fish, so that the amount of dissolved oxygen is reduced and the water quality is deteriorated. (2) Changing the water volume and decontamination As the fry grows, it is necessary to gradually increase the water exchange volume. Normally, the water is changed once every day from the 5th to the 10th day, changing the water volume from 30% to 50%; on the 11th to the 20th day, Water 2 times, change the amount of water 40% to 60%; 20 to 30 days of age, change the water twice, change the amount of water 50% to 70%. Sewage is sucked every 1 to 2 days. Ponds should be dredged every year. The indoor concrete pool should be sucked in time to remove impurities. (3) Filtering and purifying the culture water in greenhouses shall be carried out with at least sand filter purification. The sand particles with a diameter of 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm and a thickness of about 60 cm can be used. (4) Strengthen the feeding and management During the cultivation period, the nutritional requirements of larvae and juveniles must be met, the freshness of the bait is better, and the nutrition must be complete. Vitamins, vitamin E, vitamin C, and minerals can be added if necessary. Before the feeding of the biological feed for nursery, it must be washed with fresh seawater. When there are bacteria, it must be disinfected with antibiotics. The number of feedings per day is determined according to the needs of the fish. Feeding baits should be qualitative, quantitative, timing, and positioning. There can be no residual bait in principle. (5) Drug prevention and control of fish disinfection The purchased fish fry have to be given a medicinal bath regardless of whether there is a disease or injury. The seedlings are sorted in the cultivation stage and the medicine bath is also carried out after the pool is poured. Commonly used disinfection drugs are formalin, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate and so on. Formalin Concentration 110-4～210-4 Medication bath 60 minutes to 120 minutes, can prevent bacterial and parasitic diseases; copper sulfate 510-7～710-7 plus ferrous sulfate 210-7～310-7 Prevent ciliates. Potassium permanganate is strictly prohibited in the prevention and treatment of desert spotted carp. This is because the respiratory system of the gingiva is very sensitive to potassium permanganate, and there have been many problems caused by the application of potassium permanganate. Example of death. Disinfection of ponds Water bodies are sterilized on a regular basis. The most commonly used method is to splash lime, and the amount of a pond with a depth of 1 meter per acre is 10 mg to 20 mg, which can play a role in sterilizing and improving water quality. In addition, bleaching powder with a concentration of 510-7 can also be used for sterilization. IV. Estimated breeding efficiency (calculated according to 200 yuan/kg) 1. Pond breeding can stock 500 to 800 fish per acre, with a survival rate of 80%, and an average of 0.5 kg/tail to 0.8 kg in aquaculture for 6 months to 12 months. / Tail, can earn 60,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan per mu. 2. Pond cage breeding Each cage of 3 m 3 m and 1.5 m is stocked with 100 to 200 fishes, and the survival rate is 80%. The average breeding period is 6 months to 12 months. 0.5 kg/tail to 0.7 kg/tail. 0.8 to 20,000 yuan. 3. Sea cage breeding Each cage of 3m 3m and 3.5m is stocked with 300 to 400 fish, the survival rate is 80%, and the average annual breeding period is 6 months to 12 months, 0.5 kg/tail to 0.7 kg/tail. 2 million to 4 million. 4. Factory shed breeding 20 stocks per square meter, the survival rate of 80%, breeding 6 months to 12 months to reach 0.5 kg / tail ~ 0.8 kg / tail, income 1600 yuan / square meter to 2500 yuan / square meter.

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