How to reasonably apply superphosphate?
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The water-soluble monocalcium phosphate in superphosphate is easily fixed in the soil and has low mobility, ie, it moves slowly and has a short moving distance. Therefore, the principle of rational application of superphosphate is to reduce the contact area with soil. Also try to increase the chance of contact with the root system. According to its nature and the above application principles, the rational application methods are as follows: (1) The concentrated application and layered application of calcium phosphate can be used as a base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, and fertilizer, but no matter what fertilizer is used, the effect of concentrated application is good. Because the centralized application (articles and acupoints) can reduce the contact surface of fertilizer and soil, reduce the fixation, and increase the chance of contact with the root group, the concentration of fertilizer points is larger, which is conducive to the diffusion of phosphate to the root surface, making the root system easy Absorb phosphate nutrition. On the basis of centralized application, it is better to take a layered application. That is, most of the phosphate fertilizers are used as deep-seated basal fertilizers, and some of them are shallowly applied or used as seed fertilizers, or rice roots are rooted. This can be adapted to the growth of crop roots and the need for fertilizers, ie, less roots are needed for the seedlings at the seedling stage, and the roots in the middle stage are already deeper and require more fertilizer. When making fertilizer or picking root fertilizer, it is necessary to pay attention to the damage of free acid in superphosphate to seeds and roots. Generally, 2~3% of the plant ash corresponding to the amount of phosphate fertilizer can be mixed and stacked with the seed for half a day, such as the root fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer should be mixed with 1-2 times of decomposed organic fertilizer or fine soil and mixed for half a day to one day and then transferred into a paste-like root. (2) Mixed application of organic fertilizers and organic fertilizers can reduce the fixation of phosphorus. On the one hand, it reduces the contact with the soil. On the other hand, the decomposition products of organic fertilizers can reduce the fixation of phosphorus, such as iron and aluminum, in the soil. (3) Preparation of Granular Fertilizer It is effective to use calcium superphosphate to produce particles having a particle size of 3 to 5 mm in a soil with strong fixing force. Because it gradually dissolves the available phosphorus, the effective time is longer; at the same time it reduces the contact with the soil. Granular fertilizer is suitable for mechanical application and it is safe to make fertilizer. However, the particle size should not be too large, too large particles will reduce the contact between the phosphate fertilizer and the root system. For application on calcareous soils, it is not necessary to make them into granules. According to tests, there is no significant difference in the yields obtained with powdered and granular superphosphate. (4) In the application of acid soil, lime should be applied first and lime ploughs should be applied first before applying phosphate fertilizer. Do not mix lime with calcium and calcium so as to avoid reducing the effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer. (5) Applying extra-root fertilizers It is also a cost-effective method to use calcium superphosphate as an extra-root spray, which can prevent phosphorus from being fixed in the soil and can be directly absorbed by crops. According to the experimental materials, citrus spouting with 3% superphosphate calcium leaching after physiological fruiting can not only increase production, but also increase the amount of whole sugar; grain crops such as rice, corn, and wheat may be sprayed with calcium phosphate solution in the middle and later stages, which may increase. Seed's 1,000 students. Prior to spraying, superphosphate was added to 10 times water to soak overnight, and the clear solution was diluted with water to a desired concentration and sprayed. Spraying different concentrations of various types of crops, rice, wheat and other cereals can be used 1 ~ 3% leachate, fruit trees available about 2% concentration, cotton, vegetables (such as tomatoes) available 1% concentration. The application amount of superphosphate is mainly determined according to the requirements of crops on the nature of phosphorus and planned production, and the content of available phosphorus in the soil. Generally, the amount of base fertilizer per acre is 20 to 30 kilograms, and sugar cane is applied to 40 kilograms per acre. For top dressing, generally 10 to 20 kilograms per mu, 4 to 5 kilograms per mu for seed fertilizer. Superphosphate is particularly suitable for the application of sulfur-deficient soils, even in soils that are not sulphur-deficient, and crops that are particularly sulphurous, such as grains, legumes, peanuts, grasses, are very suitable for application.