Yidu red pepper cultivation technology
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First, the botanical characteristics of the main root and a lot of lateral roots and root hair, after the main root injury, lateral roots occur faster, so the survival rate of transplanting is higher. It is not easy to produce adventitious roots on stems. Branching starts from the 12th to the 14th branches. The first branch is mostly 2 branches, and the second branch is mostly 4-6 branches. Leaves are ovoid or long ovoid, single leaves alternate, veins prominent, leaf surface smoother. Corolla white, fruit was horn-shaped, long 8-15cm, fresh pepper green, mature red or dark red. Second, the requirements of environmental conditions 1. Temperature. The optimum temperature for germination is 25°C. It is difficult to germinate below 15°C. The optimum temperature during the growing period of the plants is 22-28°C and 15-20°C at night. When the temperature is lower than 15°C or higher than 35°C, flowering and pollination are not normal, and flowering and fruiting are often caused. 2. Light. In short-day crops, the flowering results are normal and early under the light conditions of 10-12 hours per day, but they can also adapt to longer sunshine. Moderate intensity of light is required. Insufficient illumination will reduce the fruit setting rate; direct sunlight will lead to slower plant growth and fruit prone to sunburn. 3. Moisture. The root system is weak, and it is neither drought tolerant nor tolerant. It requires regular supply of water to grow well. However, water can't accumulate in the fields. If the water accumulated in the field for a few hours, the plants would be sluggish and in serious cases they would die. 4. Soil. The requirements of soil conditions for Yidu red pepper are not very strict, and sandy soil, loam soil and shajiang black soil can be planted. In soils that are not very fertile but rich in potassium, the cultivated pepper plants are small and compact, with few and concentrated results. The peppers have a thick color, and the capsaicin content is high and the quality is good. Third, the cultivation techniques 1. transplanting seedlings. Spring planting time is from spring to spring, and summer planting time is from Qingming to Guyu. Plastic film covering seedlings, seedling age 45-60 days. Seedlings in the two true leaves and four true leaves before and after the seedlings 1 times, Liumiao standard is about 3-4cm Liumiao 1 seedlings, leaving about 600 per square meter. After the seedlings are 6-7cm in height, the seedlings shall be gradually ventilated to reduce the height of seedlings, improve the resistance, and ensure the survival rate of transplanting. Seedling height 10-13cm, 6-7 true leaves, transplanted when the buds appear, the spring planted valley rain to the beginning of summer transplanting; summer planting transplanting time should be sooner rather than later, the early planting of high yield, in Shanxi Province It is advisable to plant it before June 20th. Before transplanting, the pepper plots were ploughed 30 cm deep, and the whole crop was finely smashed. Each year, 667 square meters were topped with 4000 kg of high quality manure, 30-40 kg of superphosphate and 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer. The manure was evenly applied to the field, and the phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer were concentrated in the transplanting ditch. According to the size of the row ditch, large row spacing 80cm, small row spacing 60cm, plant spacing 20cm, planting 4500-5000 per 667 square meters. Pepper seedlings are afraid of the roots. Before the seedlings are raised, the seedlings must be irrigated with water. The seedlings must be soiled as soon as possible. Immediately after the planting, the plants should be poured with a large amount of water and covered with plastic film or plastic film. 2. Field management. In the plots that do not cover the mulch or agricultural film, the peppers should be smashed 3-4 times in succession to increase the ground temperature and promote the roots to lower. Before and after flowering, the old leaves and the tillers below the door pepper are all removed to facilitate ventilation and lightening of the fields and to prevent the delivery of the following peppers. Before the rainy season comes, the soil should be ridged to facilitate drainage. Water is treated in a timely manner, and the water is drained immediately after the rain. Immediately after the rain, we must pour well water once to reduce the temperature and temperature of the ground, which is called “æ¶æ°´å›â€. Yiduhong dry pepper production fertilization is based on basal fertilizer. If basal fertilizer is insufficient, fertilizer should be applied before soil preparation. For every 667 square meters, 250kg broken soil fertilizer is used to mix ternary compound fertilizer 25-30kg. On one side of the pepper, it is compacted, but care should be taken not to hurt the root system. 3. Pest control. The major diseases during the growth of pepper are anthracnose and viral diseases. Anthracnose can be prevented with a 1:1:160 Bole poly liquid after the initial flowering and sprayed once every 7-10 days. After the lesion was found, 80% of mancozeb 800 times or 70% of thiophanate-methyl 600-800 times could be sprayed. Virus disease should be mainly prevention. In the timely prevention and control of aphids, such as Laodelphax striatellus and other transmission media, spraying 20% ​​of the virus A WP 500 times or 20% of the virus Buster 400 at the seedling stage and after planting. - 600 times liquid control, spray once every 5-7 days. 4. Harvest. The normal maturation time of Yidu red pepper is before the frost fall. In case of drought year, the harvest time can be advanced before and after the autumnal equinox. The standard for harvesting should be that 80% of the peppers turn red. The method of harvesting is rooted out, placed in the field for 2-3 days, and then transported to the head of the village and placed vertically. Repeatedly sunning until the leaves fall, and then pile the pepper plants. When the stacking is done, the bottom of the raft shall be well cushioned. Generally, the raft base is 1.2m wide and 30-40cm above the ground. The length depends on the number of chili peppers. Two relatives of the pepper plant were planted. The roots were inside and the shoots were facing outwards. They were laid flat and about 2 meters high. The upper part was covered with rain. Dry naturally in a well-ventilated condition. After the fruit is dried, pick it off, grade it, package it, and sell it.