Integrated control of melon and quagga diseases

The gourd and the zucchini are the cucurbitaceous melons, and the zucchini is the variant of the gourd. The two habits are similar and the diseases are the same. Winter (Festival) melons and heat and heat, high yield and storage, not only is an important vegetable during the summer season, but also plays an important role in regulating the supply of vegetables in the off-season, the southern vegetables in the north. However, during the winter of the whole period from the nursery to the fruiting squash, the melon cultivars have many types of diseases, which often cause severe dead seedlings, dead plants and rotten fruit. The melon farmers suffered huge economic losses. The main diseases of winter melon are blight and epidemic, both of which are fungal diseases. Many other diseases, such as anthrax, blight, blight, fruit rot, cotton rot, powdery mildew, leaf spot, brown rot, downy mildew, root rot, etc. The pathogens are fungi . In addition, there are virus-induced viral diseases (flower mosaic disease), bacterial-induced keratoses, and soft rot. The above 20 kinds of viruses (including insect pests) have become the biggest obstacles to the high yield of whole melon and wax gourd. We must start with the etiology and adopt comprehensive measures to maximize control and reduce the occurrence of diseases. First, control of soil spread, adhere to the implementation of rotation Most of the pathogens can stay with the diseased plant residues in the soil, survive for 3-5 years or even 10 years, becoming the initial infestation source. Many diseases of cucurbits and melons can be cross-infected and transmitted. Therefore, the rotation of melon fields must be carried out for more than three years, and the crop rotation can also overcome other soil disorders in addition to diseases in old vegetable fields. It is advisable to plant rice or aquatic crops for a year or to grow crops such as onions and garlic that can excrete bactericidal substances in places where conditions are favorable during rotation, and to avoid planting crops that are similar to melons. If seedlings are transplanted and transplanted, the nursery areas should use fields that have been planted with melons for many years, and bagging seedlings should be used for soils without melons. Should also pay attention to clean up the melon field, focus on the burning of diseased plant residues. If you use guatuga glutinous rice, it is best to use high-temperature stacking to kill germs; Aphids are communicators of viral diseases. Crops that are prone to aphids should be avoided beside melon fields. Implementing crop rotation is the first stage of disease prevention. It does not require pesticides or other money. It saves time and effort and has the best results. Farmers on the scale of vegetable crops should divide the farmland (vegetable field) into 3-5 districts and implement zoning rotation. With a small area, we must divide the field into two areas and plant melons every other year. Second, improve the fertilization technology, pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer winter (section) melon seedlings, pumping vines need fertilizer is not much, after flowering and fruit setting requires the largest amount of fertilizer. Therefore, the application of organic fertilizer at the bottom of the fertilizer can continuously supply the needs of growing fruit in the middle and later stages, and the quality of the melon is much better than that of the single fertilizer. Diseases are transmitted through various means and it is impossible to achieve field sterility. The use of a mixture of bio-fertilizer and conventional fertilizer after dipping (leaching) can not only increase fertilizer efficiency, but also increase the effective nutrient content in the soil after application to the soil through the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, thus greatly increasing the proportion of beneficial micro-organisms in the rhizosphere, thereby enhancing the Antagonism of pathogenic bacteria inhibits their virulence. Sanshui Town, Datang Town, demonstration and promotion of the use of Jinkuzi Ecological Fertilizer and Farmhouse Fertilizer as Base Fertilizer and co-dipping with Manure Fertilizer for multiple topdressing (with partial application of fertilizer), not only has good fertilizer effect, but also has a good incidence of melon seedlings and plants. Can be reduced to less than 5% (round as a precondition, with chemical control). In addition to the eco-fertilizers, the gold sunflower rot stalkworm and the fertilizer synergist (liquid), which contain a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, also have the same function of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. Corrosive straw is a bio-organic material decomposing agent, with 0.1-0.2% of the amount of manure, straw and other organic waste farming, forestry, animal husbandry and other organic waste into a high efficiency bio-organic fertilizer, is a good base for planting various crops. Fertilizer synergists are mixed with 1% of chemical fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, which can reduce fertilizer application by 20% while the fertilizer efficiency is not reduced. The above-mentioned three kinds of sunflower seed fertilizers are good helpers for disease reduction and disease reduction in diseases such as melons and eggplants. Many melon fields did not have many dead seedlings before. However, after the melon vines (shelves) were shed, dead plants suddenly increased, and some of them even reached a devastating level of more than 50%. One of the reasons for this is related to improper application of nitrogen fertilizer under high temperature and rain conditions. The experience that has been summed up is, do not apply before heavy rain, and do not apply immediately after the rain; partial application of concentrated nitrogen fertilizer (including compound fertilizer with high nitrogen content) can easily cause blight and disease. It can be seen that Sanshui Datang has repeatedly used ecological manure and manure-fertilizer co-dipping as main fertilizer for topdressing and repeatedly sprayed foliar fertilizer such as Jinkuzi Yelvling to maintain balanced nutrition. The experience is very precious, and there are also all kinds of green melon in South China Sea. Mature manure as a base fertilizer and top dressing history. If pig manure and other manure, bran, and bone meal fertilizers are combined with gold sunflower seedlings, the fertilizer effect is better, and the quality and storability of melons are significantly improved. For peracid soils, applying lime to neutralize the acidity of the soil can help improve disease resistance. Jin Kuizi active silicon, magnesium and calcium fertilizer can not only supplement the lack of medium amount of calcium, magnesium and beneficial element silicon in acid soil, but also have the effect of neutralization and acidity due to its alkalinity, and 30-40 kg of Mushi as base fertilizer. It is also a good way. Third, sorghum, drainage, uniform pouring, selection of disease-resistant varieties, selection of high-efficient low-residue new pesticide melon plants grow vigorously, large leaves, melons, high yield, consume nutrients and water are more. However, wax gourd and zucchini are not tolerant to leaching, and oversaturated roots of melon fields in rainy season can cause various diseases. Building sorghum to ensure that drainage is unblocked is an essential factor for high quality and high yield; ensuring uniform pouring (leaching) of water during squashing is also important for the normal growth of melons. When wet when dry, melon shape is not correct, poor quality or even stop development. In Guangdong and other provinces, many excellent varieties have been selected, some have formed local brand names, and some have strong disease resistance. In areas with severe melon disease, it may be better to introduce more exotic varieties for testing, and choose those whose production, quality, and disease resistance are excellent to promote planting. Efficient and low-toxic new pesticides emerge one after another, and they should be selected according to the requirements of pollution-free vegetables for pesticides. Giving full play to comprehensive disease prevention measures will not only save manpower and material resources, but also reduce the cost of disease prevention. It will also enable winter melon products to meet the requirements of less green foods using synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.

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