Basic cultivation techniques of flowers
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First, the flowering control technology Flowering control cultivation refers to the artificial control of environmental conditions or to take some special cultivation and management methods, so that flowers before the normal flowering period or flowering after normal flowering cultivation techniques. 1. The principle of flowering regulation: The flowering period of plants is controlled by various factors. On the one hand, it is controlled by the growth and development rules of the plant itself. Flower bud differentiation and flower bud development are not only influenced by the genetic factors of the plant itself, but also closely related to the external environment. On the other hand, it is influenced by environmental factors. If temperature is a necessary condition for the growth and development of flowers, the light intensity and duration of light also affect flowering. According to these flowering habits can be controlled flowering. 2. Method of flowering regulation (1) Temperature treatment: A: Heating treatment: If the temperature of winter is low in winter, such as dianthus and petunia, the plant growth is slow or stopped. If the temperature is increased by warming the greenhouse, the plant growth can be accelerated. . B: Cooling treatment: Many flowers use cooling treatment to delay flowering. Artificial cooling can inhibit bud formation. For flower buds that have already formed, winter flowers or bulb flowers that are wintering are used. When the temperature in early spring rises, low-temperature treatment is used to move the flowers into the cold room, which can cause them to continue to bloom in a state of rest. Such as plum, peach, spring and other spring, through the cooling treatment in the spring, delaying its flowers. (2) Illumination treatment: A: Extending illumination time: If chrysanthemums differentiate their flowers before and after flowering (mid-August mid-August), and artificially add 4 hours of light before sunset each day, the flower bud differentiation can be delayed and the flowering period delayed. B: Shorten the light time: If the clam crest is shaded, it can bloom 2 months in advance. In addition, early or delayed flowering time can also be adjusted by adjusting light intensity, inverting day and night, artificial light interrupting black nights, and the like. (3) Cultivation measures: The flowering speed can be adjusted by adjusting the sowing time and using horticultural cultivation techniques such as topping, pruning, and picking. Second, soilless cultivation techniques Soilless cultivation, also known as hydroponic or nutrient solution cultivation, refers to the use of water or solid soilless substrates (such as sand, gravel, perlite, chaff, etc.) instead of soil, and the use of Good and complete nutrition of inorganic fertilizers for flower cultivation. Its advantages: First, the environmental conditions are easy to control. Most cut flower production requires high environmental conditions, such as adequate fertilizer and water, good ventilation, etc.; second, it saves water and fertilizer. In soil cultivation, due to evaporation and loss, there will be 50-90% of nutrients and water loss, but there is little soilless cultivation; the third is to facilitate automated management, greatly simplifying the operating procedures; fourth is safety and health, no pollution. Fifth, it is not restricted by cultivated land and has a small footprint. However, soilless cultivation is subject to certain conditions, such as large one-time investment and strong technical skills. Soilless cultivation facilities include a cultivation device, a fixing matrix, a nutrient solution, and an oxygenated circulation system. The cultivation device means that the cultivation container is a container for storing the substrate, the nutrient solution, and the cultivation plant. A plastic bowl, a ceramic bowl or a cement tank may be used, and the nutrient solution may not leak. Soilless cultivation is divided by water as a matrix, as well as a solid matrix. Such as sand, perlite, vermiculite, peat, sawdust and so on. The circulatory system of nutrient solution and oxygenation consists of a reservoir, a water pump, an oxygen stirrer, an infusion fluid management, a mother liquor pool, and a pH meter for measuring pH. Different flower nutrient solution formulations are different, according to different flowers prepared separately nutrient solution.