Mixed use of fertilizers and pesticides
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Mixed Use of Fertilizers and Pesticides With the development of agricultural modernization, the types of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are increasing, the application technology is continuously improving, and the rational use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can be used to improve the work efficiency, fertilizer efficiency, and efficacy. First, the principle of mixed use. The mixing of pesticides and fertilizers is a complex issue, and not all pesticides and fertilizers can be mixed arbitrarily. When pesticides and fertilizers are mixed, the following principles should be followed: 1. Mixing does not reduce fertilizer efficiency and efficacy. For example, superphosphate is directly mixed with prometryne before it is applied to the soil without altering its herbicidal activity. However, if it is pre-formulated and stored for a long time (2-3 months), it will lose its efficacy. Therefore, it can only be used with the mix. Most organophosphorus pesticides are easily degraded under alkaline conditions, and fertilizers containing ammonia nitrogen or water-soluble phosphates are mixed with alkaline pesticides, which decreases the effective composition of fertilizers. The above two conditions should not be mixed with each other. 2, harmless to the crop after mixing. Herbicides that are highly selective, such as 2,4-D, are not only harmless to crops when used in combination with fertilizers, but also can increase herbicidal efficacy. Therefore, the use of 2,4-D and chemical fertilizers can be promoted for wheat or grass crops. The combination of pomegranate and liquid fertilizer will increase the toxicity to corn and should not be mixed. 3, stable after mixing. According to reports, 2,4-D and superphosphate were mixed for 1 month, 3 months, and 7 months. The residual amounts were found to be 97.1%, 91.2%, and 64.7%, respectively, indicating that the two were mixed after physics and chemistry. The properties are very stable and it is an ideal mixture type. However, some liquid fertilizers with complex ingredients, inconsistent concentrations and viscosities, and some pesticides may cause adverse reactions such as salting out, so they should not be mixed. 4, the mixing time and location must be the same. There are two types of fertilizers and pesticides: solid fertilizers and liquid fertilizers. Generally speaking, the regulations for the direct mixing of solid pesticides into solid fertilizers are not so strict, and when liquid pesticides are mixed with solid or liquid fertilizers, they should first understand various pesticides and fertilizers. Changes that may occur after mixing can be tested in a small area without certainty, and can only be mixed if no adverse effects are demonstrated. The pesticides used in combination with chemical fertilizers have the largest number of herbicides, followed by insecticides, and fewer fungicides. The following is an example. Second, fertilizer and herbicide mixed use. Fertilizers are used in combination with herbicides and have an effect on each other. Some fertilizers are used in combination with herbicides to increase the herbicidal efficacy of herbicides. For example, in wheat fields, adding 2,4-D sodium salt with ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate, and adding 0.4-0.5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer to the 2,4-D sodium salt solution in the mu, can significantly improve the herbicidal effect. According to the study, this is due to the acidity of the solution, the decrease of the surface tension, the increase in the amount of 2,4-D entering the plant body, and the increased toxicity to weeds. In addition, the addition of ammonium sulfate to the 2,4-D sodium salt solution can form 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetamide, which has higher herbicidal activity than 2,4-D sodium salt. Because herbicides have certain toxicity and can affect the activities of microorganisms, they will affect the conversion of fertilizers to a certain extent, and thus affect fertilizer efficiency. Tests have shown that most herbicides can increase the soil's available nitrogen content after application. For instance, pomepron can strongly inhibit nitrification and denitrification, reduce nitrogen loss, and increase biological nitrogen fixation, so it can increase nitrogen content in soil. Fertilizers and herbicides are used in a variety of methods, of which top dressing is a more effective method of mixing some herbicides and fertilizers. In addition, the extra-root topdressing with herbicides and trace elements mixed, such as adding ammonium molybdate (0.1 kg/ha) in dimethyltetrachlorobenzene, not only does not affect the herbicidal activity, but also improves the pea seed yield and protein content. When herbicides are applied together with organic fertilizers, herbicidal effects are often reduced. The reason for this is on the one hand due to the adsorption of herbicides by organic matter and, on the other hand, the decomposing of herbicides by microorganisms in the presence of a large amount of organic matter. Therefore, it is best not to mix the two. Third, the mix of fertilizers and pesticides. At present, pesticides used in combination with fertilizers are mainly pesticides for preventing insect pests in the ground, such as organophosphorus pesticides and carbamates with systemic effects. Some of these two types of pesticides cannot be mixed with fertilizer because they are not very stable compounds and are easily destroyed after mixing. The properties of organochlorine pesticides are relatively stable and have a long residual period. Therefore, the efficacy of pesticides after mixing with fertilizers is generally not affected. In production, they can be mixed with various fertilizers and applied to the soil as a base fertilizer to treat the underground pests. Commonly used fertilizers include superphosphate and organic fertilizers. In addition, organochlorine pesticides can also be sprayed with a solution of chemical fertilizers, and they can also receive both insecticidal and extra-root dressing effects. As regards organophosphate insecticides, it has been confirmed experimentally that application of 5% phosphorus-containing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers before planting potatoes can effectively control various pests and increase tuber yield. However, pesticides such as trichlorfon, dichlorvos, dimethoate and phoxim should not be used in combination with ammonia, lime, and ash of alkaline fertilizers. Otherwise, their efficacy will be reduced. In addition, the basic pesticide lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture, pine ester mixture, etc., can not be mixed with ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride and other ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and superphosphate, etc., otherwise it will make ammonia evaporation loss , reduce fertilizer efficiency. Chemical fertilizers can not be mixed with microbial pesticides. Because chemical pesticides are highly toxic, they can easily kill microorganisms in biological pesticides and reduce their efficacy.