Cultivation Technique of Seedless Watermelon Small Double Arch Covering with Double Film
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??1. Choose a good field, apply early maturing early maturing during the low temperature, should do the basic work. That is, it is required to choose a leeward sun, a high topography, convenient irrigation and irrigation, a deep soil layer, and a new soil in the dry land to carry out deeper winter hoeing and dig the “Feng productive ditch†so that the guagua seedling can grow quickly. Varieties should be selected for low temperature tolerance, rapid fruit development, low light and high humidity resistance, and early female or early maturing varieties. Such as: ruby ​​and so on.
Early sowing, cultivation of strong seedlings generally average daily temperature of about 10 °C, seedlings with 3 to 4 true leaves, seedling age of 30 to 40 days as a safe planting period. Suitable sowing time in Wuhan area is in the middle and late of February. In view of the low temperature at that time and the frequent occurrence of cold waves, it was necessary to use a 4m wide middle shed, set up two 1.8m wide sheds, and then lay the ground heating line or fill the brewing materials at the bottom of the shed. During the nursery period, due to low temperature, rain, and high humidity, the melon seedlings often grow or develop disease. Special attention should be paid to the management of seedbeds so as to cultivate a proper seedling age (about 35 days), a strong physique, and strong seedlings with 3 to 4 true leaves.
3, increase density, and strive to stay early fruit in late March to early April, Wuhan temperature began to rise, the average daily temperature of up to 10 °C or more, is suitable for planting period. You should grab enough base fertilizer in advance to make good preparations and lay a good film. Then, when the cold-tail warmer grabbed the first time, it was able to plant the side sashes to protect the melon seedlings from cold damage. The number of planted plants per 667 m2 should reach 700-800 plants, and double-vine pruning should be carried out in order to achieve the goal of early maturing.
??4. Fine management, competition during the precocious cultivation of the second crop during early ripening climate conditions must be artificially adjusted in time, a slight negligence will lead to failure.
??(1) temperature control: Guam seedlings after planting, need to be covered by a shed, but due to small arch space, sunny high temperature burn easily melon seedlings, cold weather is prone to frost damage, must be timely regulation. Usually within one week after planting, heat preservation is the main active seedling, and within 30 days after the implementation of high temperature management (not higher than 35 °C) within two weeks to promote hair and flower bud differentiation. It is suitable for 25 to 32°C during the day and 18 to 20°C at night. When the greenhouse temperature exceeds 32°C, ventilation and cooling should be performed. If the temperature is lower than 20°C, the film should be kept warm. The vents should be set on the leeward side, and pay attention to the principle of changing the place and ventilation from small to large, so as to avoid "flashing seedlings."
? (2) cultivating vines: double-film covering cultivation density, the general line double vine pruning, pruning work can be combined with large ventilation in time. You can temporarily pull the vines and vines in the same direction to prevent them from overlapping or cluttering. If it is found that the tendrils are wrapped around damaged leaves, they should be cut in time. When the external temperature rises, the vines should be led out of the shed immediately. First gently pull out the melon vines, taking care not to damage the stem vines, female flowers and young fruit, and place the two vines in a desired direction with a distance of 15-20 cm in parallel. The use of "V" branches and crushed vines, if vines are planted before vines, not only can not pressure vines, but also conducive to warming, prevent grass production increase.
(3) fertilizer and water management: watermelon double-covered cultivation, seedlings generally do not need to water, so as not to reduce the temperature. Fertilizer should be controlled before fruit set, poor growth can be used 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mixed with 20% decomposed water manure applied 2 to 3 times. Into the vine extension period, as appropriate, the use of groove fertilization method for the first time dressing, as the case of combined irrigation to promote vines (if the foot at the foot, the seedling potential is good or less fertilizer). When the young larvae grow to large eggs and have hair removal, it means that the squash has settled and should be re-used in combination with watering to “swell the guarantyâ€. When the larvae grow to fists, they should follow the “swelling urea fertilizerâ€. Irrigate it in time to keep the soil moist.
(4) Artificial pollination: early spring due to low outside temperature, insects and other insect activities (female flowers open and fashionable in the shed), it is difficult to natural pollination and fruit setting. Timely and high-quality artificial pollination, and strive to lead the second female flower to set fruit, to promote early maturing, create high yield, increase efficiency is particularly important. It is also possible to increase the fruit setting rate by using fruits such as fruit nuts and young fruit.
? (5) timely harvest: First, the mark preservation method. That is, after the melons have been pollinated, they should be marked with different colors (two days for the color) or transplanted to record the date of pollination. After the maturity date of the variety, the samples should be cut and checked to ensure that they are harvested and marketed. Second, when the fruit is fully swelled, use 100 ~ 300 mg / L ethephon solution plus a little detergent to spray the fruit to promote premature.
(6) choose to stay two pods: double coverage of early maturation, the first pod after harvest, the plant is still more robust, as long as the proper management can still continue the results. The output of the second crop is generally 1/4 to 1/3 of the total output (maturing period is equivalent to open field cultivation). 1 melon harvested before the first 10 to 15 days, the selection of healthy female flowers on the side of vines for artificial pollination, to sit two pods melon. If there is no pollen due to premature aging of pollinated varieties, consider pollinating the pollen variety for flower collection before pollination. 2 Do not damage stem vine during the management of head melon, and start pollination from the head and gourd, and apply 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every seven days in combination with pest control to prevent premature aging. In addition, in the 6 leaf stage and fruit setting stage of melon seedlings, 0.5 kg of vinegar and 25 kg of water were sprayed on the foliar surface, which also improved the resistance to disease, enhanced growth and delayed stem and leaf senescence, and increased the number of late-stage results. 3 heads of melons before harvesting 2 to 3 days, applying 15 kg urea per 667 square meters (preferably mixed with water manure), combined with irrigation, and promote the expansion of the two melons. Timely eradication of field weeds and diseased leaf vines, in order to facilitate ventilation and light, and promote the growth and development of the second pod melon.