Exploring the key points of cultivation techniques for bamboo shoots

Bamboo is one of the important resources in Xianning area. From 2015 to 2016, Xianning Forestry Academy carried out experimental research on bamboo forest cover cultivation, explored the role of bamboo forest cover technology in increasing yield of bamboo shoots, and provided technology for early bamboo shoots. reference.

1 Materials and methods

1.1 Overview of the test site

The test site is located in Qianshan National Forest Park, Xianning City, Hubei Province. The geographical coordinates are 114°96′E, 29°48′N, 200m above sea level, and the slope is northwest. The soil of the forest is yellow brown soil, and the soil is deep and fertile. The test area belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with an annual average temperature of 16.8 °C, an extreme maximum temperature of 41.4 °C, an extreme minimum temperature of -15.4 °C, an average annual precipitation of 1 700 mm, and an average annual sunshine duration of 1234.6 h. The test bamboo forest is a double-year-old bamboo forest with a bamboo 165 to 183 plants/667 m2 and an average breast diameter of 10.7 to 11.1 cm.

1.2 experimental design

The experiment consisted of 3 treatments and 1 control (see Table 1). Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the complete randomization group was set up with a total of 12 squares, each of which was 270 m2 (18 m × 15 m).

Table 1 Test design

1.3 data processing

Covered for two consecutive years from 2015 to 2016, the coverage was completed from mid-November to late November. Continuous timing observations were made on the surface (0 cm) temperature and the underground (20 cm) soil temperature of each treatment using a right angle geometer. The bamboo shoots covered in the woodland are excavated with cracks in the chaff and the top of the bamboo shoots as the standard. In the control forest, the bamboo shoots grow out about 15 cm above the ground, and the daily output is counted for each bamboo shoot. Statistical analysis was performed on the average of two years of observation data, and Excel 2007 was used for data processing and analysis of variance.

2 Results and analysis

2.1 The effect of different coverage treatments on soil temperature

Observations on soil temperature of different treatments of bamboo forests showed that coverage could significantly increase soil temperature in forest land. The highest temperatures of treatments I to III were 16.0, 19.5, and 22.5 °C, respectively, which were 4.7, 8.2, and 11.2 °C higher than the maximum surface temperature of the control surface (11.3 °C). The maximum temperature of soil at 20 cm underground was 16.0, 19.0, and 20.5 °C, respectively. It is 4.5, 7.5, 9.0 °C higher than the maximum temperature of the control (11.5 °C). The average surface temperatures of treatments I to III were 12.4, 14.1, and 14.8 °C, respectively, which were 6.8, 8.5, and 9.2 °C higher than the control (5.6 °C). The average soil temperature at 20 cm underground was 12.5, 14.3, and 15.3 °C, respectively. 7.0 °C) 5.5, 7.3, 8.3 °C, respectively.

It can be seen from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 that the forest cover can increase and maintain the soil temperature to a certain extent, and the temperature change law is basically consistent with the temperature change, but it is less affected by the temperature. The warming effect of each treatment is generally represented as Treatment III>Treatment II>Treatment I>CK. The variance analysis was carried out on the soil temperature data of different soil thicknesses and soil layers. The results showed that there was significant difference between the treatment and the control (P<0.05). The difference between treatment I and treatment III was significant (P<0.05). Treatment II and treatment I, Treatment III showed no significant difference.

Figure 1 Soil temperature change at the surface (0cm) / °C

Figure 2 Underground (20 cm) soil temperature change / °C

2.2 The impact of different coverage treatments on shoot time

Two consecutive years of observation on the bamboo shoots of different treatments found that compared with the control, the time for processing I to III in 2016 was 65, 51, 55 days earlier than that of 2015, and earlier in 2015 than in 2015. 51,42,44 d, fully explain that the cover of forest land can effectively promote the bamboo shoots in advance. From the bamboo shoots, the bamboo shoots began to produce bamboo shoots every spring, and the bamboo shoots lasted only about one month. The bamboo shoots were produced in the winter (Table 2) and reached from late February to mid-March. At the peak, the longest period of the bamboo shoots lasted for 83 days, indicating that the bamboo forest cover has a significant effect in extending the bamboo shoots.

Table 2 Statistics of different processing shoots

2.3 The effect of different treatments on the yield of bamboo shoots

The bamboo shoots excavated before it are referred to as early shoots. It can be seen from Table 3 that the forest cover has a significant effect on the yield of bamboo shoots, especially for the improvement of early bamboo shoot yield (P<0.01). The analysis of the two-year average yield shows that the treatment III has the best effect, the yield is 1 547.68 kg/667 m2, and the early shoot yield is 780.93 kg/667 m2, and the average single plant weight is 2.02 kg; compared with the control, the coverage Each treatment increased yield by 53.27% (treatment I), 55.16% (treatment II), and 66.40% (treatment III). Variance analysis and multiple comparisons of early shoot yield and total yield of different cover thickness treatments showed that different treatments had significant effects on early shoot yield and total yield (and the difference between early shoot yields of each treatment was achieved). Significant level, but the difference in total bamboo shoot production between treatments I and II was not significant, and the total yield of bamboo shoots in the remaining treatments was significantly different.

Table 3 Average yield of bamboo shoots treated by different coverage

Note: a, b, c, d represent significant differences (P <0.05); A, B, C, D represent extremely significant differences

3 Summary and discussion

(1) Forest cover can effectively increase soil temperature, and its temperature change law is basically consistent with temperature change, but it is less affected by temperature change. Compared with the control, the coverage treatment significantly increased the soil temperature of the surface and the ground 20 cm, and was significantly different from the control (P<0.05). The highest temperature of treatment III reached 22.5 °C (0 cm) and 20.5 °C (20 cm, respectively). ), but over time, the soil temperature of the surface and underground 20 cm showed a gradual decline, which is similar to the results of Wang Bo [2] and so on. During the bamboo shoots excavation process, some straw was not completely rotted, and the soil was loose and dry, indicating that the water was insufficient. This may be the main reason for slow heating, short warming time and rapid temperature drop.

(2) Coverage has obvious effects on promoting bamboo shoots in advance, increasing bamboo shoots and increasing yield. The experiment showed that the treatment III (straw 20 cm + 20 cm chaff) had the best comprehensive effect. In 2016, the bamboo shoots were taken 55 days earlier, the bamboo shoots were extended for 41 days, the shoots were taken 44 days earlier in 2017, and the bamboo shoots were extended for 34 days. The total yield of bamboo shoots was 1 547.68 kg / 667 m2, an increase of 66.40% compared with the control, of which the early bamboo shoot production reached 780.93 kg / 667 m2.

(3) In order to achieve the desired coverage, it is advisable to select a well-cultivated bamboo shoot forest in the early stage. The results of the 2014 pre-test showed that the bamboo forest was not directly cultivated and covered, and the yield was only 244 kg /667 m2, which was poor in coverage. From 2015, it was covered with well-cultivated bamboo shoots, and differently processed bamboo shoots were used. The output has increased significantly, with an average of more than 1 000 kg / 667 m2, and the proportion of early bamboo shoots production is more than 50%, which is conducive to improving the management efficiency of bamboo forests.

(4) Covering and cultivating broke the natural growth and development of the bamboo forest and caused certain negative impacts on the bamboo forest. Relevant research has proved that long-term coverage and intensive management will lead to serious degradation of bamboo forest soil, and bamboo forest productivity will gradually decline. Therefore, it is necessary to further carry out research on the relationship between years of coverage and bamboo forest years, the impact on the underground bamboo whip system and the maintenance of bamboo forest productivity.

The above is the relevant content of research on the cultivation technology of bamboo shoots with forest cover. If you are also interested in the technical points of this research, welcome to Huinong.com!

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