Essentials of standardized cultivation techniques for Chinese herbal medicine Atractylodes
How to plant atractylodes? The name of Atractylodes is called æ¡´è“Ÿ, which is mainly distributed in the wetlands of Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan and other mountainous areas in China. It has the effects of antiperspirant, spleen and qi. Let's take a look at the key points of Chinese herbal medicine atractylodes cultivation techniques. 1 Advantage analysis 1.1 Atractylodes adaptability Atractylodes cultivation, whether it is mountain or dry land, as long as the drainage is good, acid clay loam, slightly alkaline sandy loam can be planted atractylodes, but it should not be planted in low-lying land, saline-alkali soil. 1.2 Scale planting is easy to launch Atractylodes sinensis has the functions of replenishing spleen and stomach, dampness and dampness, antiperspirant and fetus, and is one of the main medicinal materials of Chinese herbal medicine in the medical field. It is also one of the food additives circulating in the private sector. The pharmacological effects of Atractylodes are recognized, and it is easy for farmers to accept for scale planting. 1.3 can save labor Atractylodes macrocephala is a biennial herbal medicinal herb. Field management is more labor-saving than annual crops or more than one year of crops, which is conducive to increasing farmers' income. The average cost of planting atractylodes is 270~300 workers/hm2, and the average annual temperature is about 150 workers/hm2. It is more than 450 workers/hm 2 than the conventional one year to plant spring potato-rice or planting sweet potato-vegetable vegetables, and the farmers should stay behind and wait for planting management. Compared with planting atractylodes, it can save more than 300 workers/hm 2 , and the field operations can be concentrated when planting atractylodes. Standardized planting Atractylodes not only saves labor, but also has an annual income of more than 115,000 yuan/hm 2 , which is more than 45,000 yuan/hm 2 more than the planting of spring potato-rice or planted sweet potato-vegetables. 1.4 Promote development through farmers' professional cooperatives It can promote the development through farmers' professional cooperatives, promote the production and scale development of atractylodes planting orders, eliminate the risk of market fluctuations, and prevent blind development. Through the development of orders, farmers' professional cooperatives provide unified varieties, unified technical operation specifications, unified collection and drying treatment, and unified operation and sales. 2 Standard cultivation techniques 2.1 Seedlings (planting and breeding) 2.1.1 Seed treatment. Atractylodes seed treatment is divided into drug treatment and soaking and germination treatment. The treatment of pesticides before sowing is mainly to prevent root rot and chalk disease; the soaking and germination treatment is mainly to promote the early emergence of atractylodes and increase the germination rate. The treatment method is to soak seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times for 30 minutes, remove and rinse with water, and then dry until the surface of the seeds is anhydrous. The soaking and germination treatment method is to soak the seeds after the treatment with 40 °C warm water for 3~4 h, and then directly sow after slightly drying; or soak for 24 h with warm water at 25~30 °C until the radicle is white. 2.1.2 Sowing. In the southern region, the striping method is generally adopted, and the ditch is 15~20 cm in row spacing, the groove width is 7~10cm, and the ditch depth is 3~5cm. Sowing from late March to early April, the seeding rate is 75kg/hm2. After sowing, cover the soil, it is better to cover the seeds, then slightly suppress it, and cover the grass with moisturizing (in case of drought, watering). After 7-10 days of sowing, the seedlings are emerged. After the emergence, the grass is removed and attention is paid to strengthen the field management. 2.1.3 Management of seedlings. Field management in seedling stage mainly includes fertilization, pest control, weeding, drainage, irrigation, and removal of flower buds. When 4 to 6 leaves of Atractylodes macrocephala L., it is necessary to plant seedlings and seedlings, remove the dense seedlings and diseased weak seedlings, and maintain the plant spacing of 3.3~5.0 cm to promote the robust growth of the seedlings. Before transplanting in winter, 1 hm 2 seedlings can be cultivated with fresh plants for 6~9 tons, which can be planted in 6~8 hm 2 fields. 2.2 Daejeon Management 2.2.1 Plot selection. Atractylodes is cold-tolerant and can withstand low temperatures of around -10 °C for a short period of time. Planting atractylodes should choose a cool climate zone, a soil with good water permeability, loose and fertile sandy loam, and the soil is too heavy, easy to accumulate or poorly maintained. It is not suitable for planting in mountainous areas. In the new wasteland with a certain slope, the hillside hills generally choose northward and northeastward plots. Atractylodes should not be used for continuous cropping. It is suitable for grass crops. It should not be used as tobacco, peanut, rapeseed and other fields for harvesting underground roots and crops. Otherwise, the disease will be serious. 2.2.2 Soil preparation of base fertilizer. Plowing and applying enough base fertilizer before the preparation of the ground to meet the requirements of rooting germination and growth during the wintering period, and lay a good foundation for high yield. Generally, the base fertilizer or commercial organic fertilizer is 22.5t/hm2, urea is 150kg/hm 2 , phosphate fertilizer is 375~525 kg/hm2, and potassium fertilizer is 112.5~150.0 kg/hm2. The soil should be finely divided and flattened into a 1.2m wide crucible. The surface of the crucible is curved to facilitate drainage. The depth and width of the trench are 25 cm. 2.2.3 Planting. Generally, it is transplanted from the winter to the next spring, from mid-November to late February, and no later than Qingming. It is better to transplant from late December to early January. Planting in the same year is not the flowering of the leaves, the main buds are strong, the rhizome is small and neat, and the size of the apricot kernel is better. Carry out wide and narrow row planting, and cut the roots when transplanting. 4 rows of sorghum were planted, with a wide row spacing of 40 cm in the middle and a narrow row spacing of 30 cm on both sides. The planting was placed in the ditch at a distance of about 25 cm from the plant and the bud tip was upward. When planting, it should not be too deep. Generally, the depth of the hole should be about 10 cm. Planting 1~2 plants per hole requires that the buds should be raised upwards. After planting, cover the coke ash and cover the soil and the surface of the glutinous rice. The sides are slightly pressed and watered. Generally, fresh atractylodes are required to be 750~900 kg/hm 2 . 2.2.4 Scientific fertilizer. First, early application, suitable for seedling fertilizer. After emergence, the bud period lasts about 3 months, which is the growth period of the aboveground part and the underground part of the plant. In this period, it is necessary to apply early and apply seedling fertilizer, especially paying attention to applying phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer applied was 225 kg/hm 2 of urea (two times, one after the seedlings and one from the end of May to the beginning of June), the phosphate fertilizer was 450-525 kg/hm 2 , and the potassium fertilizer was 112.5-150.0 kg/hm 2 . The second is to re-apply the bud fertilizer. After the buds were removed, the rhizome of Atractylodes Rhizome entered a period of swelling and growth. This period lasted about 2 months, and it was necessary to re-apply nitrogen fertilizer, generally applying 375 kg/hm 2 of urea. The third is the late fat. According to the seedlings, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and a small amount of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied together to avoid the phenomenon of lack of fertilizer, so as to promote robust growth and rhizome enlargement of the plant. 2.2.5 Water management. Atractylodes should not be too wet, so the whole growth period of Atractylodes, especially in spring, summer and September typhoon season, when there is more rain, it is necessary to pay attention to timely drainage and drainage, so that there is no water in the rain stop field to prevent the humidity in the field from causing disease. In the late growth stage of Atractylodes macrocephala, especially the growth period of rhizome enlargement requires appropriate water. In this case, irrigation should be carried out in time. 2.2.6 Weeding and weeding. After the seedlings are unearthed, it is necessary to carry out the cultivating and weeding work in time, which can be combined with the fertilization at the seedling stage; after the plant growth enters the peak period (sealing), it is generally no longer cultivating and weeding. 2.2.7 Remove flower buds at the right time. In addition to the remaining plants, the remaining plants need to remove the flower buds in due course. In the second half of June, the Atractylodes sinensis plants began to bud, and the buds entered the peak period in the middle of July. The buds need to be harvested in several stages, usually in 2~3 times within 20~25d. The buds should be carried out on a sunny day. Pick one hand and pick the buds in one hand. Avoid damage to the stems and leaves, shake the roots of the plants, and avoid picking buds on rainy days. 2.3 Pest Control The main pests and diseases of Atractylodes are blight, root rot, chalk disease, iron leaf disease, rust, aphids and underground pests. It is necessary to strengthen field inspections, adhere to the principle of prevention and comprehensive prevention, and focus on agriculture and physical control, supplemented by chemical control, and adopt various techniques to comprehensively control pests and diseases. Attention should be paid to the information on agricultural pests and diseases, combined with field inspections, and the prevention and control measures for counterparts should be selected. 2.3.1 Agricultural prevention and control. The first is to choose a plot with high dry terrain, deep soil layer and good drainage; the second is to arrange the planting land reasonably and require rotation. It is not suitable to use the former plots of Scrophulariaceae, sweet potato and other crops. It used to be a grass crop and was 2~ In the past 3 years, the plots that have not been planted in Atractylodes are suitable. The slopes should be planted from bottom to top year by year. The third is to select the main buds with strong, no scars and no disease spots. The fourth is to strengthen the field management and clear the ditch drainage in the rainy season; The fifth is to remove the diseased plants in time and concentrate them on treatment. 2.3.2 Chemical prevention and control. One is the blight. From late April to late June, it is the main occurrence and damage period of blight. In the early stage of the disease, it is watered with 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution. The second is root rot. Under the premise of insisting on rotation, planting with 70% carbendazim or 50% carbendazim WP 500 times before planting for 0.5~1.0 h; in the early stage of the disease, use 3% gram or 70% carbendazim Or 50% methyl thiophanate 800~1 000 times to water the ward. The third is white rickets. If the temperature is high and rainy in June-August, the disease is easy to develop and prevalence, and the ward can be watered with 50% carbendazim or 50% methyl thiophanate 500 times. At the same time, we must pay attention to the prevention and control of iron leaf diseases, rust, aphids and other pests and diseases, and timely control according to the pesticide formula and prevention and control measures recommended by the pest information. 2.4 Harvesting and processing When planting from late October to mid-November, when the stems and leaves of Atractylodes sinensis began to wither, the harvest was suitable for Atractylodes macrocephala. When harvesting, the roots are excavated, the stems are cut, and transported back to processing. When drying, the initial use of fire, the temperature can be mastered between 90 ~ 100 °C, when the water vapor occurs, the temperature is reduced to 60 ~ 70 °C, 2 ~ 3 h up and down 1 time, when the roots are dry, take out the stuffy pile "sweating" 7~10 After d, bake again to dryness and remove the stubble and roots. The product is preferably thick and thick, without high stems, no roots, firm and not hollow, yellow-white in section and rich in aroma. Generally, dry goods are 3~6 t/hm 2 , and the drying rate is 30%. For the wonderful pictures and popular comments on Atractylodes cultivation techniques, you may be interested in the following recommended contents. Welcome to read. Baby Feeding,Kids Water Bottle,Baby Feeding Set,Soft Baby Feeding Spoon NINGBO YOUHE MOTHER&BABY PRODUCTS CO.,LTD , https://www.oembreastpump.com
