High temperature type oyster mushroom planting and cultivation technology
As the temperature gradually rises, the number of edible fungi on the vegetable market is decreasing, and the production of high-temperature oyster mushrooms can make up for this deficiency. Variety selection The main characteristic of high-temperature oyster mushrooms is high temperature resistance. Generally, varieties that can withstand high temperatures of 36°C can be used. There are now a wide range of cultivated varieties such as 831, Shuangnai No. 3, and Fangwu. Cultivation site High-temperature oyster mushrooms are generally suitable for indoor cultivation, which makes it easy to control temperature and humidity. Civil air defense projects, underground passages, etc. can be used. When planting indoors, in order to make full use of the space, it can be cultivated in layers. The bed is 80-100 cm wide and the layer spacing is 60 cm. 6-7 layers can be set up, with aisles between the beds. For outdoor cultivation, choose woodland without direct sunlight, or wetland with shade. For outdoor cultivation, the ground is made into a mushroom bed of 100-150 cm wide, unlimited length, and 20 cm deep, with a small ridge of 5-10 cm in the middle, or a ditch of 10-20 cm wide to irrigate the mushrooms. Bed humidity. Ingredients go to bed The selection of materials for high-temperature oyster mushroom cultivation is similar to that of low-temperature oyster mushroom. Cotton seed hulls, straw, sugar residue, etc. can be selected according to the adaptability of the variety. But it is different in the selection of auxiliary materials. Due to the high temperature, it is easy to infect the bacteria and the culture material is easy to acidify, so it is not suitable to add raw materials with high nitrogen content such as wheat bran, bean cake, rice bran, etc. In addition, sugar should not be used. In order to prevent bacteria, 1% lime water, 1% carbendazim, etc. can be added to the ingredients to increase the pH value of the culture material and enhance the ability to resist bacteria. When using rice straw for cultivation, you can directly immerse the rice straw in 2% lime water to soften it for 48 hours and then wash it to lower the pH to 8 o'clock. The water content of high temperature type oyster mushrooms should be higher (70%～75%). Due to the rapid maturation of high-temperature oyster mushrooms and the short production cycle, the culture material should not be used too thick, so as not to completely decompose nutrients and waste raw materials. The culture material is generally 10 to 15 cm thick. It can be sowed on-demand, broadcasted or layered during sowing, but the amount of seed must be increased for the surface layer to cover it as soon as possible to prevent the invasion of germs. After sowing, press the culture material slightly, cover it with newspaper, and cover it with a thin film for shading and moisturizing. For outdoor cultivation, cover with straw thatch. Bacteria management The focus of the management of the growth period of high-temperature oyster mushrooms is temperature control. Although high-temperature oyster mushrooms are more resistant to high temperatures, this is relatively limited. Generally, the temperature should be controlled below 30°C to 32°C depending on the variety. When the temperature exceeds, the indoor temperature can be cooled by methods such as enhanced ventilation, aerial spray or underground water spray. Outdoors can be directly watered on the grass thatch and film to cool down. In addition, pay attention to the germination of the hyphae. If the hyphae have not germinated after two days, they should be replanted in time. After about a week, the mycelium begins to connect to the cover. At this time, the film can be uncovered and ventilated, once every 2 to 3 days, every half an hour, so that after 15 to 20 days, the mycelium can become full and enter the mature period. At this time, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation, cooling, and humidification. After 3 to 4 days of mature cultivation, you can enter the fruiting stage management. Fruiting period management At this time, the relative humidity of the air should be increased to reach a humidity of 90% to 95%. Bow the film, remove the newspaper, and make it bud. You can also wait until 20% of the buds appear before arching the film. Special attention should be paid to temperature control after budding. Too high temperature will cause wilting and death. Do not directly water the mushroom buds. Ventilation should also be selected when there is no strong wind. With the differentiation of mushroom buds, ventilation should be appropriately increased, and humidity should be increased. When the mushrooms grow to small mushrooms, spray mist of water directly and increase the ventilation to prevent the growth of deformed mushrooms. Maturity management Due to the high temperature, the physiological activities of the mushrooms are very active, and the growth rate of the mushrooms is also quite fast. Generally, it only takes about 3 days from the bud to mature. At this time, it should be harvested in time. Therefore, it is necessary to harvest one batch in a mature way, and finish the harvest in 2 to 3 times in time, so as to enter the second wave of management as soon as possible. Cultivate the bacteria for 2 to 3 days after harvest, spray with heavy water to make it bud. Sterilization and pest control Add an anti-bacterial agent to the ingredients to enhance the antibacterial ability. In case of infection, it can be covered with lime or watered with 1% carbendazim water. Insect pests are mainly sanitation and targeted prevention. 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