Comprehensive Increase of Wheat Production in Dryland

Zhaoyuan City, Shandong Province is located in the hills east of Jiaodong. The perennial dry-land wheat with water-free conditions is planted for about 10,000 hectares, accounting for about 40% of the wheat sown area, and the average yield per unit area for dryland wheat is 2250-3000 kg/ha. Stability has severely restricted the further increase of wheat production in the city. For the drought-thin land wheat without irrigation conditions, shallow soil and soil layer, low fertility, and extensive farming practices, comprehensive cultivation techniques such as “reasonable crop rotation, appropriate deep plowing, formula fertilization, selection of improved varieties, cultivation of strong seedlings, and chemical regulation” were adopted. The yield per unit area of ​​average wheat yield in dryland wheat increased by more than 750kg/ha, which resulted in high yield and stable yield of dryland wheat. I. Rational rotation and land conservation: Wheat/summer corn//Spring peanut 2 years and 3 ripening methods are used. Compared with wheat and summer corn, 1 year and 2 years of ripening, the cost of the two is almost the same, but the former is due to fewer species. Crops have reduced soil moisture and nutrient consumption, and are conducive to land conservation. In addition, it is easier to produce high-yield soybeans and increase yields and incomes. According to many years of investigation, wheat/summer corn//spring peanut 2 years 3 ripe wheat yield 3900kg/ha, annual water consumption 440 cubic meters; wheat/summer corn//wheat/summer corn 1 year 2 ripe wheat single/3520kg/ha. 2 years, 3 years ripe, 1 year, 2 ripening, wheat production increased by 380kg/ha, increased production by 10.8%, and annual water saving by 50 cubic meters. Second, appropriate deep plowing, water conservation and protection of the hilly dry wheat, soil thickness of 80cm or more, it is easy to obtain stable and high yield. According to the test field more than 20cm wheat fields, each thickened 10cm, can increase production of about 30kg of wheat. 2 years 3 ripe winter resorts use deep plough plowing techniques from deep autumn till winter closure, the depth of cultivation is deepened from about 15cm to 25~35cm, and after continuous deep ploughing every other year, more effective moisture can be accumulated in 50~70cm soil layers. 43cm, increased wheat 490kg/ha, an increase of 11%. Before autumn sowing, it should be properly cultivated according to the amount of precipitation. In the drought year, due to lack of ground mulch, deep ploughing can easily lead to deficiencies, and shallow ploughing of 15-20 cm should be appropriate. 3. Scientific Fertilization and Fertilizer Transfer 1. Increased Organic Fertilizer and Enhanced Water Storage Capacity Dryland has low soil organic matter content, widespread nitrogen deficiency, severe phosphorus deficiency, most land plots with malnutrition, and insufficient supply. To solve this problem, It should be started from cultivation of fertility. The effective method is to increase the application of organic fertilizer, and the application amount per hectare shall not be less than 45,000 kg. Under the same conditions, wheat fields with organic fertilizers for successive years can store up to 30 mm of water before sowing in 80 cm deep soil, and the root system of wheat can be developed to use deep water, and the production efficiency per unit of precipitation can be increased by 60% to 120%; or It is a place where organic fertilizer is insufficient. When wheat is harvested, it is about 25 cm high. It can increase soil organic matter content, reduce soil bulk density, and increase soil water storage capacity. 2. Nitrogen supplementation and phosphorus supplementation, formulated fertilization Zhaoyuan City, thin soil, thin soil, lack of nutrients, generally lack of nitrogen, severe phosphorus deficiency, increased nitrogen and phosphorus production increase significantly. According to 3000 ~ 4250kg/ha wheat, use standard nitrogen fertilizer 450 ~ 800kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer 600 ~ 1000kg/ha. 3. Replanting basic fertilizers to thin ground to water-free conditions The effect of top dressing is poor. In order to cultivate strong seedlings and overcome the above deficiencies, the planned application of organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and 70% to 80% of nitrogen fertilizer should be used as the base fertilizer before planting. Once applied, the remaining 20% ​​to 30% of nitrogen fertilizer will be used after years. Fourth, use drought-resistant varieties. To breed wheat with water and drought, thin wheat should be selected from such varieties as Lumai 21, Yannong 361, and Kehong 1. These varieties have the characteristics of developed roots, strong living ability, drought resistance, and strong cold resistance. These excellent characteristics can better compensate for the weakness of the water shortage in dry and thin land, and play a role in breeding water. Fifth, nurturing strong seedlings and economic water The strong seedlings of wheat have the characteristics of deep roots, wide distribution, cold resistance in winter, strong resistance to stress, drought resistance in spring, and high rate of spike formation. The thin seedlings of wheat in dryland require 5 to 7 pieces of main stem leaves before winter and 2 to 2.5 times the number of planned spikes before winter. In order to cultivate strong seedlings on thin and dry land, in addition to rational rotation, deep ploughing and water storage, and improved fertilization techniques, we must also do a good job in four areas. 1. Appropriate period sowing should ensure that the accumulated temperature above 0 °C before winter in dryland wheat reaches 550 ~ 650 °C. It is most appropriate to sow in late September in our city. But the specific sowing date should also consider the soil moisture, when the soil is in danger of losing, it should be robbed sowing, and appropriately reduce the amount of sowing, if the lack of moisture within the appropriate period, it should be appropriate late sowing and appropriate increase in the amount of sowing. 2. The appropriate seeding rate for suitable seedlings is that the high yield field is slightly lower, the middle production field is slightly higher, and the low yield field is low. It is appropriate to sow 222.5 million hectares per hectare for regular cropping, and to 1.5 million hectares per hectare for robbers and early sowing. Determine the basic seedlings, and then calculate the seeding rate based on the 1000-seed weight, germination rate, and field emergence rate. 3. Appropriate sowing depth The poor adjustment ability of wheat in dry and thin fields requires strict seeding depth. Strictly control the sowing depth of 3 to 5 cm, and resolutely put an end to the bad habits of shallow shallow deep sowing. 4. Ditch planting cold water flooding sowing technology has a variety of advantages such as drought resistance, cold resistance, lodging prevention, and prevention of premature aging. Sewage planting due to ridging, less soil, less soil water loss, good drought resistance, the ditch can also accept winter rain and snow, can effectively increase soil moisture, not only cold resistance and cold water, and can be concentrated Fertilization, improve fertilizer utilization. There are two types of furrow sowing: (1) 66.7cm three furrows: 66.7cm in furrow spacing, 3 rows of wheat in the furrow, 16.7cm of wheat spacing, 1 corn line on the back, (2) Gulley 60cm, 2 rows of wheat were planted in the ditch, and 1 row of corn was collected before the harvest. 6. Chemically regulated, drought-resistant and water-saving foliar spraying FA dryland 500 times can effectively control the stomatal opening degree of wheat leaves, reduce the water loss of wheat plants, promote root growth, increase root activity, and resist seasonal drought. Dry hot air has more obvious effect, spraying 1 time can maintain about 20d, increase production of 10% to 15% of wheat.

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