Hericium erinaceus is a medium-to-high-grade edible fungus with special flavor and high nutritional and health care value. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the sales market for fresh Hericium is gradually expanding. Popularizing Hericium erinaceus cultivation can not only meet people's consumption needs, but also help mushroom farmers get rich. Now this technology is introduced as follows: I. Construction of plastic greenhouses Choose a shed with a flat topography, close to water sources, and clean environment. Greenhouse specifications: about 45 meters long (according to the size of cultivation), 8 meters wide from north to south, the north wall is high (including the depth of digging) 2.8 meters, the south wall is 1.6 meters high, and the south and north every 15 meters build a partition wall . The wall is a brick structure, and the north wall is a double-layer hollow wall to facilitate thermal insulation; the south wall is provided with two windows every 3 meters for ventilation. Dig 50 cm below the ground in the shed, and the top surface of the shed is covered with a drip-free membrane. Conditional mushroom farmers can also use the winter warm vegetable greenhouses for Hericium cultivation. Second, the cultivation season According to the growth and development of Hericium erinaceus on the temperature requirements, the use of plastic greenhouse cultivation, in Shandong should generally be in mid-October, cultivation bag, about a month of cultivation to the middle and late November began mushrooming, the following year in March The end of the middle of the mushroom. Third, the preparation of cultivation bags 1. Formula 1 was prepared from the culture medium: 90% cotton seed shell, 8% bran, 1% gypsum, and 1% superphosphate. Formulation 2: 58% cotton seed shell, 30% wood dust, 10% bran, 1% gypsum, 1% superphosphate. Formulation 3: 50% cotton shell, 38% corncob powder, 10% bran, 1% plaster, 1% superphosphate. Mix the above formula ingredients, and adjust the water ratio of 1:1.2 to 1:1.4 to adjust the moisture content to 65%. 2. Bags are made of polypropylene plastic bags measuring 15 cm 32 cm to 34 cm 0.04 cm. The dry weight of each bag is about 0.4 kg to 0.45 kg. The material should be compacted tightly and then tightly closed with a rope. Fourth, sterilization 1. Atmospheric sterilization Sterilize the culture bag in an retort, heat to 100°C, hold for 10 hours, and stop for 5 hours to 6 hours. Then remove the bag and incinerate it. 2. Autoclave with large-capacity autoclave, the bag is also layered, to maintain the pressure of 1.2 kg / cm 2 for 2 hours, and then naturally cooled to zero pressure, the lid will be out of the bag cooling. When the large-capacity sterilizer is sterilized, if the pressure is increased to 1.5 kg/cm2, the phenomenon of a melted bag or a bulging bag is likely to occur, which affects the sterilization effect. V. Inoculation and Culture When the bag is cooled to below 30°C, the inoculation box is used for inoculation, the inoculation box is sterilized with potassium permanganate and formaldehyde, and inoculated aseptically for 20 minutes. The inoculation takes place from both ends of the bag. Generally, 25 bags can be connected per bottle of bacteria. After inoculation, the bag can be directly transferred into the greenhouse to culture bacteria. Before moving into the greenhouse, the greenhouse should be fully sterilized. The window should be lowered to reduce the temperature inside the shed. Lime water should be used to spray the ground and walls, and then fumigated with formaldehyde or sulfur for 24 hours. Such as the use of winter greenhouse vegetable cultivation Hericium, can be placed inoculated after the first bag placed in the culture room to the depth of mycelium eating material up to 2 cm, and then moved into the greenhouse to continue cultivation. The material bags are wall-type discharges, with 6 layers stacked in each row and a layer of bricks laid on the bottom with a 60 cm line spacing for easy management. During the cultivation of bacteria, the ventilation management shall be strengthened. The roof shall be properly covered with straw curtains. The temperature in the shed shall not exceed 27°C. After about 30 days, when the mycelium is nearly full, the bags shall be checked to remove the heavier bacteria. Contaminated bacteria bags, grow robust mushroom bags can be mushroom management. Six, mushroom management will be full of fungus bag ends of the rope untie the light pull bag mouth immediately reset to improve the bag inside the ventilation conditions. Increase the humidity in the booth to more than 85% and maintain the temperature in the booth at 10°C to 20°C. After entering the end of November, the intensity of sunshine increase in the northern region was significantly weakened. In the daytime, we could increase the temperature and increase the sunshine temperature, and cover the straw curtain at night. If the light is strong, the temperature inside the shed is high and the grass shade can be properly covered during the day. In warm and sunny weather, lightly open the south window for proper ventilation. Generally after 7 days to 10 days, buds begin, and then 10 to 15 days, Hericium erinaceus fruit body thorns should be harvested in time when about 0.5 cm to 1 cm. After harvesting, eliminate mushroom roots and continue cultivation. During the severe winter season, if the insulation effect of the greenhouse is poor, the mushroom management may be suspended until the temperature rises in early February. Generally can receive 2 tide ~ 3 tide mushroom, biological efficiency up to 100%. Because of the good insulation performance of greenhouses and the small amount of evaporation in winter sheds, the number of water sprays should be properly reduced in management, and it is strictly forbidden to spray water at the mouths of bags and mushroom buds so as to avoid causing rot of mushroom buds. For the mushroom bag that has been exposed to 2 to 3 tide mushrooms, the method of soil dressing and planting can be adopted, and its biological efficiency can generally exceed 120%. The method is: in the shed, 1.2 meters wide, 25 centimeters deep rake, the bag off the plastic bag, 3 to 4 bunches of vertical rakes, cover about 2 cm thick fine loam soil, irrigated with water In order to maintain a moist state within the bowl, about 15 days or so, a mushroom can be produced. The diameter of the mushroom body can reach 25 cm or more. When the fungus is up to 0.5 cm in length, it can be harvested carefully, and the sticky part of the mushroom stem can be cut off with a knife to be sold or processed. This method can be used to extend the fruiting period until mid-April. The method can also be used for the cultivation of Hericium erinaceus bags that are not matured, and the effect of increasing production is also very obvious. China Agricultural Network Editor
