Uncovering ecological agriculture de veil

From nowadays to the mid-winter "Double Festival", the reporter was invited to accompany friends to the more influential Dazhong Si fruit wholesale market in Beijing to "purchase". After two hours of travel, spending less than 100 yuan, but harvesting a few large bags, not many varieties; Then drove to a nearby big supermarket. In a layer of agricultural products counters, a dazzling array of organic produce came into view, especially a variety of fruits: Brown Lee 8.6 yuan per 500 grams, 6.6 yuan peach, pear ... ... not only the full range , And the price is high, with the former disparity several times. As a result, the reporter recently took many doubts to visit the Beijing Jinyuanyi Ecological Research Center in the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the Zhongguancun Science Park in Beijing, and “talked smoothly” with the leader of the center, Mr. Wang Xigang. 1. “Farmer” is mainly responsible for the high-quality agricultural product market. The so-called “farmer” is the organization unit or individual that conducts the management of modern intensive farms, and refers to the enterprises or individuals who contract small tens of acres through large-scale policies of the country. Thousands of acres of land or barren hills are fully developed and operated. The "farmer" started late in China, but it has a rapid development and a high starting point. 1. Enterprise transformation: Ecological agriculture leads the wild goose in the 21st century. It is a century of innovation, a century of development, and a century of economic growth. The economy is also a knowledge economy. It is a comprehensive embodiment of cultural level, information flow, and knowledge and skills. The market is undergoing rapid development and unpredictable, and various types of products are highly competitive. With the accelerating pace of the global economic integration process, many companies have also changed their business directions, and they have shifted to agriculture and opened up new markets; or they have not lost both heads and have complementary advantages to achieve "multi-winning." Entrepreneurs are sharp-minded, quick-thinking, insightful, and informative. They use abundant financial strength, advanced and pragmatic market operations, advanced enterprise management concepts and management experience, and integrate the entire enterprise model into the farm from land contracting, project inspection, overall planning, project introduction, technology application to marketing. Management, reflected most vividly. This kind of enterprise farm has the characteristics of large production scale (as little as hundreds of acres, as many as 10,000 mu), high quality of personnel, strict management, and high final product value. At the same time, this type of farm is mostly integrated with production, supply, sales, and addition, and the simultaneous development of agricultural leisure, variety experiments, and demonstrations is realized. In this way, it can not only solve the employment of the local affluent labor force, but also promote the adjustment of the local agricultural industrial structure in a few points, and continuously expand the scale of its development. The grade of agricultural products continues to increase, and the development of product branding can be fully reflected. It is made for the wealthy party (village, township) economy. A great contribution. 2. Talents who have left the post: Packed land creates a large enterprise The laid-off workers, retired veteran comrades and many migrant workers and businessmen who have already enriched their state-owned enterprises have optimistic about the development prospects of China's vast ecological agriculture and have carried out the goal shift. , to the suburbs or return home to seek development. They contracted barren hill slopes and arable land to start new businesses in accordance with the national good policy. Although overall strength is not as good as that of enterprise farmers, it is not to be outdone, ranging from as little as tens of mu and as much as 1,000 mu. They have good cultural knowledge and communication skills. They often apply for policy support from the local government, and have organized and pastoral management experience. The talented people and the local folks went into production. The difference is that this kind of farmer generally constitutes an open farm, has a good relationship with the local government and the surrounding villagers, and basically localizes production and sales. Small scale, scientific planning, strict production, mining resources, and reasonable energy conservation. The investment method adopts direct investment or indirect investment, requires a short return period and quick results; pays attention to product quality and market development, and finally forms brand management and large-scale operation. 3. Villagers' Union: Economic Union requested “Phoenix” China is a large developing country with 22% of the world's population. Farmers account for more than two-thirds of the total population. Farmers are still the main force in the development of agriculture in China. However, at present, the scientific and cultural quality of Chinese farmers is generally very low, and the acceptance of new varieties of agricultural new technologies must also meet the needs of the times and conform to market development. China’s agricultural foundation is relatively weak, agricultural development is still relatively backward, and rural living standards are still low. Some poverty-stricken areas still cannot escape the poverty situation; agricultural production in wealthy areas is not very reasonable, and local advantages cannot be fully exploited. Still slow. Joining the WTO will bring great opportunities for China's agricultural development. However, the current status of agricultural development in China has restricted the good opportunities for agricultural products to enter the international market. On the contrary, foreign agricultural products have, to a large extent, hit China's agriculture and auxiliary industries. Under the circumstances of the world's agricultural market, China’s government and grass-roots organizations or individuals are seriously pondering the root causes of the obstacles to China’s foreign trade in agricultural products. A large number of facts have proven that China's agricultural products have major problems such as high production costs, poor quality, single aging products, obsolete production methods, and excessive relative surplus of popular products. The fundamental reason for this status is that agricultural production in various regions lacks scientific , rationality and feasibility, even with blindness factors, and long-term heavy use of highly toxic pesticides, high-standard fertilizers, soil organic matter is reduced, soil fertility and water retention capacity decreased, resulting in soil erosion and drought, floods Disasters have had serious consequences. Since the 1980s, mankind has used a large number of scientific and technological products to implement “lazy” agriculture, and has used a large number of antibiotics, chemicals, hormones, sedatives, lean meat extracts, highly toxic pesticides, and herbicides in animal husbandry and agricultural production. At the same time, since the 1990s, northern China and other developed agricultural regions have successively entered the age of agricultural mechanization (known as the oil age), and these laborers have since been relieved from their heavy physical labor. However, due to mechanized large-scale management, traditional intensive cultivation has been submerged in the management of large-scale chimneys. As everyone knows, we humans are still using the so-called modern agricultural civilization to poison ourselves all the time and bring obvious and potential public harm to the ecological balance of nature! In the 21st century, China’s great agricultural development encountered unprecedented difficulties. Where is the difficulty? - Mainly manifested in our high production costs, low labor value and agricultural product value, coupled with the irrational regional product structure, resulting in product backlog in some areas, the market sluggish sales, farmers complained. The peasants are simple, honest, and pragmatic. They usually have to see and feel, and they value their immediate interests. They are typical realists. Rural information does not circulate, and little is known about new things outside the country, especially in remote mountain areas. Farmers are generally not well educated, have relatively weak awareness of new knowledge and new technologies, and have a small land area and scattered ownership. The one-acre and eight-point farming model of individual administration has not adapted to the needs of the times. They desperately need someone to guide self-development, so some migrant workers who have gone out to work find jobs as matchmakers for their hometowns. They invite experts and professors from related scientific research units to “keep passing treasures” in their hometowns and bring knowledge and food to them. Live training, presenting ideas, sending ideas, breaking ideas, for the people "gold-plated brainwashing." In the 21st century, digital information technology was widely applied in the fields of industry, military, aviation, and ecology, but the digitization process in agriculture was almost ignorant for agricultural production and managers. In order to keep up with the pace of the times, enrich the livelihood of peasants, and increase the peasants’ moneybags, we repeatedly stressed that relying on scientific and technological information to rationally allocate system resources, let farmers realize that production without information is blind production, and production without technology is stupid. Production, without scientific management, is disorderly production. Then, the sustainable development of agriculture, the peasants want to get rich, and the peasant individuals themselves are powerless, how to coordinate the three aspects of economic, social and ecological benefits? In the final analysis, the only way to strengthen training and education for the affluent rural labor force is to “wash the brains and open your eyes” for agricultural producers. Energetically developing ecological agriculture is the key to promoting the overall construction of rural well-to-do society. Through a series of lectures and training, farmers’ cognitive ability has greatly improved. Integrating the whole village (society)'s land and labor force, that is, the individual individuals form a collective, pool efforts, and reorganize non-government organizations to select the people who are more capable and capable in this village to serve as “chairpersons”. Government leaders are "famous presidents" and personnel of scientific research units are "technical consultants." This can ensure the support of policies and ensure that technology is in place. The entire park should be subject to macro-planning and scientific management. Under the leadership of this organization, it is necessary to achieve “five unifications”, namely: unified planning management, unified resource allocation, unification of technical standards, unified brand packaging, and unified marketing. The ordinary people must be guided by the “organization” and follow the rules strictly in accordance with the standards. They manage their existing members. At present, this model is simple, easy to operate, and has a good momentum of development. Second, eco-agriculture is not high-tech agriculture What is eco-agriculture? For the vast majority of ordinary people, there is no such concept. Some people think that eco-agriculture is not applying chemical fertilizers or spraying pesticides; while others believe that eco-agriculture is a high-tech means that is beyond reach. In fact, they have entered a misunderstanding. Ecological agriculture itself is an agricultural production method that saves energy, protects the environment, and is both economical and practical. The so-called eco-agriculture is based on the theory of ecological economics. Within a certain region, it plans, organizes and carries out agricultural production in accordance with local conditions to increase net output value. The popular theory is to organically combine traditional methods with modern science and technology, and to maintain and improve the ecological dynamic balance within the system as the master plan of the overall plan, rationally arrange the production structure and product layout, and strive to increase solar energy, animal and plant waste, and land. The fixed rate and utilization rate of resources promote the recycling and reuse of substances within the system. For example, the annual output value of traditional agriculture per unit of 667 square meters is 500 yuan, which is raised to 800 yuan or even several times through the ecosystem approach, and the means of production and labor costs are reduced. The starting point and end-result of ecological agriculture are all oriented to the overall benefits of the system, which can be considered in the following three aspects. The first is economic benefits, that is, production should be developed and farmers should be prosperous; second, social benefits must be met by the people's increasing demand for agricultural products; and third, ecological benefits, ie maintaining a good ecological environment. Eco-agriculture, as an agricultural system that promotes ecological virtuous circle and resources, environmental protection and rational use, has shown scientificity and rationality in production practice, and has considerable ecological, social and economic benefits. III. Actively promote the re-education of rural laborers In the face of economic globalization, Chinese agriculture must comprehensively advance the modernization process. It must undergo a major transformation from concept to agricultural structure and management methods; it must be based on institutional and scientific and technological innovations. The real comparative advantage of China's agriculture lies. By realizing the industrialization of agriculture and actively exploring the reform of the system of reversing land management rights, we must strengthen rural quality education and skills training, fundamentally improve the quality of farmers, and promote the overall development of rural areas. The National Conference on Rural Education was held in Beijing on September 19, 2003. Premier Wen Jiabao emphasized at the meeting that the party must be guided by the important thinking of the "three represents" and the spirit of the party's 16th National Congress, and that the party should follow Comrade Hu Jintao as general secretary. The deployment of the central government will effectively strengthen rural education, conscientiously solve the "three rural issues" and promote rural well-to-do construction and coordinated urban-rural development. Rural laborers are our food and clothing parents. They are the main force behind the survival of mankind and the rapid development of the national economy. Without their hard work, all social production and development will be impossible. Rural laborers account for about 80% of the country's total population, but the total economic output value is still less than 25% of the total national economic output value. Especially in the central and western regions of China, life is not yet adequate, and some are even below the subsistence level. With the rapid development of the market economy, along with the process of economic globalization, over-proportional variables have occurred in clothing, food, housing, and housing. The pursuit of “quality” has intensified, and rural workers fundamentally need to improve production quality, reduce production costs, and protect Under the premise of the environment, economic benefits are increased, and poverty alleviates from the difficulties. Over the years, the Center has often invited experts and professors from the Ministry of Agriculture and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to travel to rural villages to teach lectures and continue to instill new knowledge, new information, new technologies, and new ideas for rural workers and village leaders, helping them to “open their eyes and brainwash”. . 1. Macro information According to the international and domestic situation, it closely follows the policy of enriching the people promulgated by the new country, combining local realities with the audience, introducing the country's agricultural policy, domestic and foreign market development, and basic knowledge of agriculture, how to transform Concepts, how to self-development, rejuvenate the rural economy. 2. According to the direction of local agricultural development, the rural bookshelf free promotes popular rural (rural) libraries, mainly distributing books and images, including crops, vegetables, fruit trees, breeding, electrical maintenance, laws, and health care. It has become a center for agricultural production documentation, production guidelines, and agricultural clinics, serving as a bridge between technology and the market. 3. Knowledge Lectures The knowledge structure in rural areas is relatively weak and weak in consciousness. The lectures on knowledge mainly include laws and regulations, protection of rights and interests, maternal and child health care, new agricultural technology, new varieties, introduction of new projects, application management, and marketing. This is the basic lesson of peasant education, so that it must not only understand the law and abide by the law, but also must break the old-fashioned concept and meet the needs of the development of the market economy in the 21st century. 4. Show training Farmers are realists, they have a typical herd mentality. Its ability to invest and resist risks is weak. To develop a local agriculture-specific economy, it is necessary to establish demonstration demonstration gardens according to local conditions. We must allow them to see (benefit), touch (in-kind), taste (sweetness), and develop in a point-to-face manner. . At the same time, for the reference of the project (variety), the on-site skills training is often organized from time to time. Combining theory with practice, combining production with market, this is the core part of realizing the increase of peasants' income, agricultural efficiency, and rural revitalization. It is also an important factor in fully realizing a well-off society. As a developing populous country, re-education of rural workers occupies a pivotal position in the entire national education system. To do a good job of this work is related to the vital interests of all peasants, it is related to the development of rural economy and society, it is related to the sustainable development of agriculture in our country, it is related to the next generation of education, and it is related to the development of the entire education industry in our country. To Realize the Grand Goal of Building a Well-off Society in an All-round Way. IV. The fundamental conditions for the development of ecological agriculture At present, foreign agricultural products have flooded into China's market. However, China's agricultural products are largely due to factors such as the ecological environment, production processes, or operating methods, which have resulted in low commodity value. China's agricultural exports have been irrevocably affected. Therefore, in order to change this economic situation, the development of ecological agriculture is imperative now. After researching and summarizing in our center, we should start from the following aspects. 1. Fundamentally change the source of pollution and create a good environment for the development of ecological agriculture. In order to create benefits, some regions now turn a blind eye to national policies and ignore them. If the source of pollution is not effectively and reasonably managed, the development of ecological agriculture will not be discussed. 2. Strengthen publicity and education, and conduct targeted training courses. To the grass-roots leaders, farmers, growers and farm managers spread the latest agricultural market development information and agricultural development direction and prospects, change their thinking and strengthen their awareness. Make producers aware of the importance, urgency, and necessity of ecological agriculture in production adjustment. 3. Strengthen government guidance to promote people's conscious learning and improve their own quality to meet the needs of all aspects of development. 4. Make full use of local resources to develop and use bio-organic fertilizers and bio-medicines. Ecological parks should plant some plants that are restrained and can effectively eliminate harmful insects; reasonably apply chemical fertilizers and refuse to promptly use pesticides. 5. Scientific, standardized, standardized and institutionalized production management. V. The application of ecological agriculture in the adjustment of production The above mentioned the superiority of ecological agriculture in the ever-changing market competition. Over the years, our center has taken the lead in the domestic development of dozens of successful "farm management and management" as the leader. The ecological demonstration park is also applicable to the development of ecological parks at the village and township level. 1. Reasonable planning and overall layout. It is mainly based on the market development situation and local economic conditions, climate characteristics and soil conditions. Regardless of mountains or plains, whether it is barren hills or lakes, we must consider comprehensive factors and must adapt to local conditions. The area of ​​the park can be large or small, but it must be relatively centralized and easily accessible. Planning must be scientific, practical, and operational. 2, production-oriented, set up quality display demonstration. How is the development of the park and the positioning of the variety is crucial? The first is that the selected varieties should be new, and there should be no or rare varieties on the market; secondly, the varieties should be excellent, and the anti-seasonal, good quality, and storage-resistant transport should be the main development targets, and the strong highlights should be highlighted in similar products; Finally, there is less investment and faster returns. According to the development of the total area, the production garden owners' varieties will be determined, and they should not be too numerous and extensive to facilitate management and market development. At the same time, the ecological park must establish a boutique display (exemplary) garden of not less than 2 hectares, with a small number of varieties. Its role is first to demonstrate and demonstrate, to point and bring to light, and to radiate and drive surrounding areas; secondly, to provide variety resources for the production park; to update and reform varieties at any time according to market changes; and thirdly, to test the adaptability and stability of new varieties for the purpose of experimentation. New varieties of research and development; the last is the variety of varieties, different mature period in order to increase the market supply period. 3, the use of resources, turning waste into treasure. The local rich farm straw, weeds and animal manures are processed into bio-organic fertilizers; a biogas digester is rationally constructed to handle human and animal excreta, and the system circulates, the biogas residue is used as feed and fertilizer, the biogas slurry is used as foliar fertilizer and the root fertilizer is applied. 4, fruit (forest) grass intercropping, the development of aquaculture. From the second year onwards, according to the differences in different regions and breeds, the multiple modes of development of forests, fruits, agriculture and animal husbandry should be adapted to local conditions, and their advantages should be complementary. Intercropping with clover, ryegrass, alfalfa mixed breeds, breeding chickens, ducks, geese and other rare birds (larger ecological park, but also intensive development of ruminant animal husbandry), orchard in a reasonable coil scattered, In order to achieve the purpose of naturally forming the biological chain in the park, it will not only improve the soil, increase the organic matter of the soil, but also form a “food chain” circulatory system independently developed by the park, and it will also prevent the growth of insect pests and weeds. In addition, the growth environment of poultry determines its harmlessness, strong body resistance, rapid growth, low cost, and good efficiency, fully embodying the characteristics and advantages of ecological agriculture development. In addition, in order to reduce the frequency of application of pesticides to the park, and even to achieve no spraying of pesticides, it is better to plant (interplant) pest-repelling plants in and around the park, so as to effectively repel and kill pests, their flowers, leaves, stems, and fruits. Seeds are high-value raw materials for industrial processing. They have many advantages and benefits. The 21st century is a multi-polar century full of radical changes, competition, and development. In this new century, as long as we move forward in the spirit of the “National Conference on Rural Education Work” and adopt the development model of “teaching, taking points, and taking films”, we believe that China’s rural education and sustainable agricultural development will surely be able to This good opportunity for development has aroused the attention, attention, and support of the entire society, and has led to more brilliant achievements. Sixth, the anti-season new variety selection Chu Juhong Taotao peach fruit shape slightly oblate, its good quality, fragrant and pleasant, sweet and crunchy but not greasy food, mature with bright red; mature in early September, single fruit weight 400g - 1100g, less fruit hair, beautiful appearance, milky white flesh, from the nucleus. Hard solute, easy preservation, storage and transportation, MAP refrigerated up to 3 months. "Chrysanthemum crispy" peaches are self-pollination varieties, adaptable, resistant to thin soil. The fruit of the red peach variety of the century is spherical, with an average fruit weight of 365g and a maximum of 850g. The fruit surface has a red rose. The appearance is beautiful, the flesh is white, the flesh is sweet, the fiber is less, the juice is less, the flavor is excellent, and the hard core is separated from the nucleus. Nuclear is extremely small. Two weeks of natural storage, fresh and processed good new varieties. Century Red is self-contained and enters the fruit period, yields and stabilizes production. It has strong adaptability to all kinds of soil and strong resistance. Hongfu No.1 Peach has a strong tree vigor, branches are half open, and the results are mainly short-medium and middle-branches. The fruit grows early and the fruit is in an oblong shape. The top of the fruit has a blunt tip, and the middle and large fruit type generally has a weight of 230-300 grams. The maximum fruit weight is more than 500 grams. The fruit surface is bright red, the flesh is hard and milky white. Small nuclear, fine meat, sweet and crisp, excellent quality. Mature from late October to late November. Extremely resistant to storage and transportation, up to 30 days at room temperature, under the atmosphere can be stored under refrigeration for 4-6 months, strong disease resistance, no flesh browning phenomenon. Nanguo pear has a unique fruit flavor, delicate fruit flesh, aroma, apple shape, bright color. The second year of colonization resulted in high yield. This pear is rich in SOD, amino acids, leucine, chlorogenic acid, polyphenols, vitamins, etc. It is the best in the present pear country. Red Sun grapes were successfully selected from European and American hybrids. The variety has four major characteristics: resistance to disease, large grains, few seeds, and a sweeter and savory flavor. This species grows well in the Yellow River basin and in the wet and humid Yangtze River basin. It does not catch disease, and it does not fight drugs in North China. It does not need to be buried in winter and can be harvested for years. The red sun weighs about 20 grams, with a maximum weight of 25 grams and a single panicle weight of 1.0-1.5 kilograms. The single seed rate of this variety is about 40%, and the double seed ratio is about 50%; the yield is good, the growth is robust, the fruit color is not bagging deep red, the fruit powder is thick, and the bagging is bright red. It matures in mid-late September, has hard flesh, can be sliced, has good resistance to storage, and has strong cold resistance. It is the first choice of domestic alternative to the Red Dike. Red sweet honey cactus triangular column perennial climbing succulent plants. Appearance resembles dragon fruit, round shape. High temperature, hi wet, fast growth. The flowers, fruits and branches can be eaten, the fruit is sweet and not greasy, the meat is red and delicate, has rich nutritional value and medicinal value, can effectively inhibit the activity of carcinogens in the human body, and is also high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, cerebral hemorrhage, diabetes Have a good preventive and therapeutic effect. The fruit and fruit of fragrant honey can also be processed into wild vegetables, beverages, food colors, anthocyanins, and the like. Business biography: Beijing Jinyuanyi Ecological Research Center has long been dedicated to ecological agricultural system research, ecological project development, planning and design, product trade, and agricultural and sideline products processing. Located in the Beijing Hi-tech Park, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has a large number of heavyweight experts, professors, and related scientific researchers. They often lead the expert team to go to all parts of the country to go to basic level compulsory lecture training. The number of beneficiaries in the class exceeds 20,000. Now there are dozens of tens of thousands of hectares of organic ecological bases with ecological demonstrations and regional norms have been successfully established nationwide. They suggested that wherever they went, four local “improvements” should be fully realized in four years, namely, the improvement of farmers’ knowledge level, the improvement of agricultural productivity, the improvement of rural economic level, and the improvement of ecological and environmental protection awareness. In order to coordinate the sales of agricultural products from various bases, the center held the "Peach King September 9 Export Information Conference" in Beijing and participated in the "Agricultural Products Fair". It has established long-term agricultural products with Thailand, Spain, Hong Kong and other countries and regions. Trade relations, CCTV, Science and Technology Daily, and this newspaper and other media have made numerous follow-up reports. At the same time, the center always adheres to people-oriented, creates a good living environment for human beings, promotes ecological culture, and disseminates ecological knowledge. At present, it has created the Chinese real-name website “China Ecological Network” and is determined to contribute to China’s ecological protection, restoration and development. The Beijing Jinyuanyi Ecological Research Center stands like a shining pearl in the east of the world!