Where does the excellent matrix (medium) come from?
Where does the excellent matrix (medium) come from? Soilless culture substrates have been increasingly used in seedling flowers and landscaping industries. Since resource products such as peat and savannah substrates are severely constrained by factors such as environmental protection and transportation costs, the use of some industrial and agricultural wastes and leftovers to ferment vegetables and flower seedlings has been favored by planters. There are many sources of raw materials that can be fermented into a matrix, and general materials such as weed bark are more easily fermented, but bark and sawdust are the most difficult to ferment, especially sawdust, and the general starter cannot deal with it. In this paper, the fermentation auxiliaries are taken as an example to briefly describe the operation process of fermentation of two materials.
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----How to make sawdust bark fermented into seedling cultivation matrix?
First, how to ferment sawdust?
Sawdust is a good resource. Correct use can be double or even several times more value-added. After sawdust fermentation can be used for a variety of purposes, both for high-quality nursery stock flowers and soil ingredients, but also for low animal crude protein feed and so on. Sawdust contains carbon (C) 58.4%, nitrogen 0.26% (N), hydrogen (H) 0.08%, ash content 2.6% (C), high carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), it is difficult to be a common microbial starter Deal with organic matter. The natural fermentation of sawdust is even more difficult. It usually takes one or two years. The use of sawdust starter can greatly accelerate the fermentation process, and the quality of the fermentation product such as its color perception, odor, and nutrient composition is greatly improved. But pay attention to the correct operation, especially the adjustment of carbon/nitrogen ratio is one of the key links. Sawdust has particularly high cellulose hemicellulose content, which means that the "carbon source" content is relatively high. Therefore, an appropriate amount of nitrogen source (nitrogen fertilizer or poultry manure) must be added during fermentation to adjust the appropriate ratio of carbon to nitrogen in order to obtain a better result. The fermentation effect. Taking fermentation auxiliaries as an example, the operating methods for sawdust fermentation are as follows:
1, stocking: sawdust 2 cubic meters, sawdust starter 1 kg, urea 2 kg, rice bran 5 kg. Do not use urea can also be used to replace 50-100 kg poultry waste.
2, moisture. First adjust the water content of the sawdust to 60-65%. Then, 2 kilograms of urea were mixed with the appropriate amount of water to make a urea water reserve. Whether the water is suitable or not is judged by hand: grab a handful of material by hand, and see that the water does not drip on the finger-tap is an appropriate standard. If you do not see the watermark, it is too dry. If you drip down, it is too wet. Too much or too little moisture is not conducive to fermentation: too little water, slow fermentation of microorganisms, too much water to warm up slowly, and poor ventilation, the formation of a local anaerobic environment to promote the work of spoilage bacteria and produce odors. The moisture content is too high to add mushroom residue, reconstituted hoe (ie, less rice diced, poor quality rice bran), straw powder, rice husk powder, dry clay powder, especially the former three kinds of materials are more suitable, because of its nutrition, fine Degree, ventilation are better.
3, the material. Because it is too inconvenient to spread the material evenly, one kilogram of fermented bacteria should be evenly mixed and mixed in about 5 kilograms of rice bran to dilute it, so that the mixture of fermented microbial inoculant and rice bran can be increased to 6 kg. Into the heap of sawdust to be fermented. It is worth noting that rice bran is not a reconstituted rice. Fresh rice bran has much better nutrition and ventilation than old rice bran. In the absence of rice bran, it can be replaced with cornmeal or wheat bran.
4, spread the material. The above-prepared fermented microbial inoculant and rice bran mixture are evenly mixed in the sawdust, then, the prepared urea water is sprinkled on the sawdust after being planted, and the sawdust is piled into a pile, and the rear lid is piled up. Upper breathable cover can be.
5, overturned. After the sawdust is piled up for 7-10 days, the fermentation temperature reaches about 60°C. It can be turned once at a high temperature of about 60°C for 24-36 hours, and then waits until the temperature reaches 60°C. The second time it turns, the second time After turning, naturally leave it for 5-7 days. The fermentation temperature is stable below 40°C to complete the fermentation. Fermentation can be completed 25-30 days under normal conditions, and postcooking can be extended for several more days.
Second, how to ferment bark?
Bark is characterized by its light weight, high water retention, high organic matter content, and high carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N). The pH is generally between 4.2 and 4.5. In general, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of pine bark is generally 135:1, and the C/N of conifer bark is between 150-300. Among them, L. bark has a C/N as high as 494. Total carbon 54.3%, total nitrogen 0.11%. In addition to the woody cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and other trace elements, the bark is also relatively rich in substances that are harmful to plant growth such as carbonic acid, acetic anhydride (acid), and polymer wood acids. (soft resin). At the same time, because the bark has strong antibacterial properties and resistance to ants, it is not easy to be saturated with water and rot, so it is the most difficult organic material for fermentation, and it is difficult for general fermentation auxiliaries to deal with it. However, using bark fermentation aids can achieve better results. How to operate?
(1) Preparation and Pretreatment
1, bark 1 cubic meter (about 0.5 tons), dry chicken manure or livestock manure 25 kilograms, urea or thiamin 5 to 10 kilograms, lime amount (about 0.5 to 1 kilogram);
2. Mix dry chicken manure or livestock manure with urea and thiamin in the bark material and reduce the carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) to below 40;
3, because the conifer bark contains high acidity substances, need to add the appropriate amount of lime, the PH adjusted to 5 ~ 5.5
4, fully watering, deduction membrane, boring (boring) heap 2 to 3 days, so that the moisture content between 505%.
5, bark fermentation auxiliaries 1 kg plus 2.5 kg rice bran dilute and mix, dubbed incremental bacteria. Spread the mixed agent in a well-mixed bark mixture and turn it a few times to make the agent evenly adsorbed on the fermented material. This process is called “inoculationâ€. After the inoculation is completed, the materials are piled up into large piles, covered with coverings, and naturally placed for 6 to 12 hours for pretreatment to promote the conidiophore effect of the bacterial agents, so that the bark fermentation aids are sufficiently adsorbed into the materials to be fermented.
(b) Fermentation
6. After the pretreatment is completed, the fermented materials are piled up into large piles of 1 to 1.5m in height, covered with coverings, so as to maintain heat and moisture;
7, the first fermentation. Fermentation is carried out in two phases. The first time for fermentation to 25 to 30 days, heat preservation and moisturizing measures should be strengthened to promote the saccharification of the fermented material. After 5 to 7 days of fermentation, the fermentation temperature reaches 45 to 50°C, and white mycelium appears on the surface of the fermented product. (When it takes more than 2 days), it will be the first time it flips and it will reverse. Then continue the fermentation, so that the cumulative temperature of the fermentation reached 800 ~ 900 °C, enter the second fermentation period (second flip).
8, the second fermentation. Note that the moisture content of the fermented material is generally controlled at about 60%. When the moisture is insufficient, the 5% urea solution can be fully recharged, and the thickness of the deposit can be appropriately increased, and the stack can be piled up again, and the fermentation can continue until the temperature reaches 65°C. Week, three weeks after the temperature of 60 °C, when the accumulated temperature of the fermentation reaches 800 to 1000 °C, fermentation can basically be stopped.
The functional microorganisms in the bark fermentation aids will fully ferment and decompose the bark, which can remove the components of stone carbonic acid and citric acid that are harmful to plant growth, and greatly enhance the physical properties, commercial performance and economic value of the fermentation products.
(3) Drying, Packing and Storage
9, after fermentation, the fermentation product will be tiled at a thickness of about 10, dry, so that the water content reaches 405%, with different "mesh" (according to the user's requirements for the goods, select the sieve "number of") The sieve is sieved for metering and packaging, and the finished product is stored in a dry and ventilated place.
After the bark or sawdust has been fermented, it can easily be made into a special substrate for various crops according to a certain ratio.