Identification and Prevention of Deficiency Diseases of Four Trace Elements in Bean in Greenhouse

Zinc deficiency symptoms: faded from the median lobe, compared with healthy leaves, the veins are clearly visible; along with the gradual fading between the veins, the leaf margin turns from yellowing to brown; the internodes become shorter, the clustered lobule at the top of the stem, and the plexiform, The leaves curl slightly to the outside and do not bloom. Occurrence conditions: Excessive light is prone to zinc deficiency; if too much phosphorus is absorbed, the plant will show symptoms of zinc deficiency even if it absorbs zinc; soil pH is high, even if there is enough zinc in the soil, it cannot be dissolved and cannot be dissolved. Crops absorb and use. Diagnosis points: Zinc deficiency is similar to potassium deficiency, and leaves yellow. In the absence of potassium, the leaf margin is yellowed and gradually develops inward. The lack of zinc yellowing is due to the development of the inward leaf margin. The difference between the two is that the order of yellowing is different; when the symptoms of zinc deficiency are severe, the internodes near the growth point contract. Prevention and control measures: Do not overdosing phosphate fertilizer; zinc deficiency can be used when zinc sulfate, with 1 to 1.5 kg per acre. Emergency measures: Spray the foliar with 0.1%~0.2% zinc sulfate solution.

Symptoms of boron deficiency: Plant growth points atrophy, browning and dryness. The newly formed leaf buds and petioles are light in colour, stiff and easy to fold; the upper leaves curl outwards and the leaf margins turn brown; when the upper leaf veins are observed carefully, there is atrophy; the epidermis of the pods appears lignified. Occurrence conditions: soil drying affects the absorption of boron and is prone to boron deficient; soil organic fertilizer application is small, and boron deficiency is prone to occur in soils with high soil pH values; excessive application of potash fertilizer affects boron absorption. Boron deficiency occurs. Diagnostic points: Determined from the site of the symptoms of the symptoms, when the lack of boron symptoms occur in the upper leaves; leaf veins do not appear yellow; plants near the point of growth of atrophy, withered, and its symptoms are similar to calcium deficiency. However, calcium deficiency in the veins is yellowed, but there is no yellowing between the boron deficiency veins. Prevention and control measures: Boron deficiency in soil, pre-application of boron fertilizer; timely watering to prevent soil from drying; apply more organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility. Emergency measures: Spray the foliage with 0.12% to 0.25% borax or boric acid solution.

Symptoms of iron deficiency: young leaves and veins retreat green and yellowish-white. In severe cases, whole leaves yellow and white dry, but no necrotic spots and no death. Occurrence conditions: Alkaline soil, excessive application of phosphate fertilizer or excessive iron and copper in the soil susceptible to iron deficiency; soil too dry, too wet, low temperature, affect the vitality of roots, prone to iron deficiency. Diagnosis points: The symptoms of iron deficiency are yellowing, normal margins, no growth and development; soil pH detection, symptoms of plant rhizosphere soil is alkaline, there may be iron deficiency; in dry or wet conditions The function of the roots is reduced, and the ability to absorb iron is reduced, and iron deficiency symptoms may appear; the leaves of the plants are spotted yellowing or whole leaf yellowing, and in the case of whole leaf yellowing, iron deficiency. Prevention and control measures: Minimize the use of alkaline fertilizers, prevent the soil from becoming alkaline, try to keep the soil pH at 6~6.5, and pay attention to soil moisture management to prevent the soil from getting too dry or too wet. Emergency measures: Spray the leaf with 0.1%~0.5% ferrous sulfate solution or iron citrate 10010-6 solution.

Symptoms of molybdenum deficiency: Poor growth of plants, young leaves retreat green, yellow leaf spots between leaf margins and leaf veins, leaf margins curled inwards, tip atrophy, often causing plants to blossom without scarring. Occurrence conditions: acidic soils are prone to lack of molybdenum. Diagnosis points: to determine the location of the symptoms of the leaves, the lack of molybdenum is the symptom occurs in the upper leaves; detection of soil pH, symptoms of the plant rhizosphere soil acidic, there may be lack of molybdenum; whether the emergence of "flowers without Real phenomenon. Control measures: Apply 0.05%~0.1% ammonium molybdate solution 50kg per acre, spray 1~2 times in seedling and flowering stages respectively.

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