Key points of cloves cultivation technology in North China

Clove is a plant of the genus Syringa from the family Oleaceae. It is native to northeast China and North China, and is an important spring garden plant in North China. The author's soil in Renqiu City of Hebei Province is a moderate saline-alkali land, and the cloves grow well. The relevant cultivation techniques are now described below for reference by peers.

Breeding method

Can be used sowing, cutting, grafting and other methods for breeding.

Seed propagation can be harvested after the fruit matures in September and October. When harvesting, the fruit branches are cut to dry and the pods are cracked. After the shaking, the impurities are removed and the net seed is obtained. The seedlings are sown in late spring from late March to early April, and the seeds are stacked between January and February at 0°C to 7°C to break the physiological dormancy of seeds. 15 to 20 days after sowing, the seedlings can emerge. After the seedlings are unearthed, they can be finely managed and can grow up to 40 cm to 50 cm in length.

One month after the cutting and flowering, the whole bed is inserted. The semi-woody and robust branches are selected for cutting in the same year. Cut into 15 cm to 20 cm with two or three pairs of buds. The cuttings on the top of the cuttings are from the top pair of buds. Cut off at 1 cm. Only a pair of blades at the top are left on the cuttings, and one half of each leaf is cut to prevent excessive transpiration and water loss. The cuttings were treated with ABT2 rooting powder and then inserted into the cutting bed. The depth was one-third to one-half of the cutting length. The plastic film was used to moisturize and hold the shed. It was kept moist and rooted after 1 month.

Grafting can be used bud grafting or grafting, rootstock can be used European cloves, other cloves or lobular privet, lobular privet affinity is poor.

In northern China, the budding of cloves is generally carried out in July and August when the rootstock and the scion layer are still active. The scion was selected to be full of strong mid-sprouts and full-grown leaf buds. The most commonly used is the "T" shaped bud connection.

"T"-shaped buds (without xylem buds), cut the full leaf buds selected on the scion to the leaf-retained petioles, cut a knife 1 cm above the shoots, and then cut it from the top to the bottom with a cortex of 2 cm. Shield-shaped, peeling off the xylem together with the cortex and cambium. At 15 cm from the ground, the anomalies were cut into 1 cm and 2 cm T-shaped incisions. The cortex was opened to the sides along the longitudinal incision. The scion buds were inserted into the incisions. Finally, the rootstocks were opened. The cortex is closed and fastened. Two or three weeks after grafting, if the petioles retained on the scion fall off naturally, the scion has survived. Buds do not germinate in the current year, so winter protection should be taken care of.

Cultivation management

Planting lilacs is a delight to plant in sunny places in North China. The open field cultivation had the highest survival rate in the middle and early March and early March after defoliation. Premature transplanting of soil has not been defrosted, and it is easy to damage fibrous roots when digging seedlings; transplanting too late results in rapid growth and development of leaf buds and flower buds. Over-evaporation of above-ground parts will affect the restoration of tree vigor and even affect the normal growth of the second year. And flowering.

When planting bare root dig, plant spacing from 2 to 3 meters, can also be configured according to greening requirements. The planting holes are 70 cm to 80 cm in diameter and 50 cm to 60 cm in depth. Before planting each hole, apply 3-30 kg of comminuted compost and cover it with soil before planting. Avoid contact with the roots with fertilizer. After the plant is irrigated, water it once every 10 days for 3 times to 5 times. After watering, it is necessary to loosen soil, increase the temperature, and promote new roots.

When pruning and planting seedlings for three or four years, they can be recut before planting to reduce the amount of transpiration and concentrate the nutrients in stems 30 to 50 cm high. After the planting, the management is strengthened, and the robust branches will grow quickly after being planted so that the crown will be full and the luxuriant flowers will be opened in the second year.

After planting and survival, pruning is appropriate every year during the dormancy period of cloves. Before deciduous sprouting, it is better to flow before or just before the beginning of the sap flow in early spring, that is, when the leaf bud or flower bud just begins to expand or just spit green, it is trimmed. In North China, early March is the time for pruning. If trimming is too early, the wound is vulnerable to frost damage or drought; trimming too late, the new shoots have been pulled out, and the inflorescence is rapidly outstretched, making nutrient consumption too large and affecting tree vigor. If the plants are to be cut and updated, it is advisable to carry them out after autumn leaves.

When pruning, pay attention to cutting thin and weak branches, dense branches, leggy branches, dead branches and branches of diseases and insects, and keep good renewed branches. Cut flowers after cutting to reduce the nutrient consumption of the tree. Clove has natural pruning characteristics. Lateral branches below the crown of the old tree can easily sparse or fall off, forming a crown below the canopy. Therefore, it is necessary to properly retain and revitalize the renewal branches each year.

Irrigation in North China, from April to June, is a period of drought and high temperatures. It is also a time when cloves flourish and new shoots thrive. At this time, water should be poured two or three times per month, and each time after watering, it should be farmed immediately. Enter the rainy season after July, stop artificial watering, and pay attention to flood prevention. Fill the frozen water once before entering the winter to make the water in the plants and the soil sufficient, and avoid the drawing in the low temperature in winter and spring and in the dry season. When the age of cloves reaches 20 to 30 years, it is not necessary to pay too much attention to watering. With natural precipitation, the plants can grow well.

After fertilization and planting, generally no fertilizer or only a small amount of fertilizer can be applied, and excessive fertilization should not be avoided. Especially nitrogen fertilizers should not be used excessively. Because too much nitrogen fertilizer, will cause the branches of lilac flowers, affect the formation of flower buds, so that reduced flowering. Appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer after flowering are conducive to the growth and development of cloves.

Pest Control

The main diseases of cloves are powdery mildew, leaf spot, and coal contamination.

For powdery mildew, it can be sprayed with 15% triadimefon WP 1000 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 to 1500 times, or 75% WP WP 600 times at the beginning of the disease. 7 days to 10 days spray once, spray two or three times, have good control effect. The residual period of triadimefamide can reach 20 to 25 days. After spraying, the white powder layer of the victim site is darkened and grayed, shrinking and disappearing. It is an ideal medicament for the control of powdery mildew.

For leaf spot, 50% carbendazim WP can be used 500 times to 1000 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times, or 80% zeocin 500 times, spraying every 7 days to 10 days , A total of three or four sprays are better.

Main pests The main pests of clove are Frost hawk moth, Green-spotted green moth, Cocoon moth, Mulberry moth, Euonymus argus, Six-star black spotted leopard moth.

For leaf-feeding pests such as Plutella xylostella, P. viridis, and Bombyx mori, the larvae can be sprayed with 1,600 IU/mg of Bt WP from 1000 to 1200 times in the younger stages, allowing the insects to slowly rot and rot after poisoning. Not directly down, can protect the environment from pollution; can also be used 1.2% bitter nicotine 800 to 1000 times spray; or 20% diflubenzuron No. 3 1500 to 2000 times spray, or 20% full suspension Agents 1500 to 2000 times, or 2.5% of the enemy killed 2500 to 3000 times liquid, etc., can be effectively controlled.

For all the scale insects such as Mulberry white plague, Euonymus punctatus, etc., if no waxy or waxy layer has just formed within 7 days after the nymph hatching, 40% speed killing cream was sprayed on the leaves. 1500 times to 2,000 times the liquid, or 6% imidacloprid soluble liquid 2000 times, or 2,500 times the pyrethroid pesticide. The above three agents are used alternately and sprayed once every 7 days to 10 days. Continuous spraying for two or three times can achieve good results. The key to spraying is to seize the opportunity (nymph period), and once the shell is formed, spraying is difficult.

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