Walnut cultivation technology "eight points"
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Walnut is one of the important dried fruits exported by China. Walnut prices have been on the rise in recent years. Therefore, the development of walnuts is promising. In the cultivation and management, the application of technology should be symptomatic. Choosing walnuts in the fruit field is a deep-rooted species that is hi, warm, or afraid of the wind. As the saying goes, “The walnuts that protect the wind are full of jujubeâ€. The walnut garden should choose ecological areas with flat terrain, deep soil, sunny leeward, convenient transportation, pure water, and no pollution. PH value should be between 6.05-7.05. Do not choose abandoned land, heavy land and salt content of more than 0.25% saline-alkali land. The planting fruit is a walnut seedling that is usually grown and grafted by grafted seedlings. The results start from 6-8 years, and it enters the full fruit period 20 years later. Grafting seedlings generally take 3-4 years to produce results, and they are more than 3 years old than seedlings. Therefore, in order to shorten the childhood of walnuts, increase economic efficiency, and increase the income of farmers, we should use early grafting and breeding seedlings. The selection of good products must be done with good varieties with early results, strong adaptability, high rate of kernels, thin core and shell, easy access to kernels, and high oil content. The currently excellent varieties are Luguang, Fenghui, Xiangling, Liaohe No.1, Yuanfeng, Bojinxiang, Linnu No.1, No.2, Xifu No.2, Zhonglin No.1, 8518, Xifu Luxun, and Gold. Thin Xiang No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, etc. Overcome the phenomenon of "diversity and maturity." Walnut flowers are unisexual flowers, male and female. Some varieties of male and female flowers bloom inconsistent time, known as "male and female heterozygous" phenomenon, affecting the fruit setting rate. Therefore, it is necessary to cooperate with pollination trees to achieve mutual pollination and fertilization and increase the fruit setting rate. The ratio of planting to pollination trees is generally 5-8:1. For example: Xiangling with Xilin No. 2; Xifu No. 2 with Lu Guang and others. Grafting in the spring is to “float†Walnut is not as high in grafting survival rate as other fruit trees. The main reason: Walnut rootstocks and scion contain tannins, which are easily oxidized in the air to form a black-brown insulating layer, which hinders the exchange of cellular materials between scions and rootstocks. The spring grafting is the end of the walnut injury. Injury can inhibit the physiological activity of the grafted cells and prevent the oxidative condensation of tannins from reducing. In order to improve the survival rate of grafting, the lower part of the grafting interface should be “drainedâ€. In general, the saplings are carved into 2 crossings at a distance of 10-20cm at the interface, and are 1-1.5cm long, reaching deep into the xylem. The general tree should be carved in the lower part of the interface 2-3 crossings, the same length and depth. In this way, it is possible to cut off the increase in wound flow and improve the survival rate of spring branches. Trim to avoid the wound period walnut defoliation to germinate before the injury period. If the pruning is performed, the wounds are often wounded and wounded. Not only is the wound difficult to heal, but it also tends to cause premature aging of the tree vigor. Therefore, pruning should avoid the period of injure. Generally, it should be carried out after the fruit is harvested in the autumn, before the deciduous period (cold dew), or after the leaf is spread in the spring, until the expansion of the young fruit. Note that the young trees of cold walnut trees are poor in cold resistance and are easily frozen to death. Therefore, wintering work should be done well. Cold-proof methods include whitening, wrapping film, and buried soil. The buried cold is better. The method is: After falling leaves in general, before the soil is thawed, slowly turn the seedlings to make the top of the seedlings touch the ground, cover the wet fine soil 30-40cm, and be practical, and then cover the dry fine soil about 5cm, before the next spring will be germinated. Remove the soil and then straighten the seedlings. Correctly handle the phenomenon of "backward pulling" and "grasping" phenomenon of the walnut tree, the back branches of the main and side branches will turn weak, and the branches behind it will soon turn prosperous, forming the phenomenon that the main and lateral branches "fall and pull". If it is not treated for a long time, it will become a drooping branch for many years, grow fast, and consume more nutrients, so that the branches on the back of the original branch and the stem on the back will gradually die off. Therefore, the back branches should be handled correctly. Treatment methods: First, shrink and cut down the branch at the branch to improve the angle of the branches. The second is if the vertical angle is not large, the growth of moderate, has formed full of buds, can be temporarily retained until after the results cut off. Third, if the sagging is serious and there is no result or the result is small, it should be promptly removed.