How to Manage Apple Trees in Autumn
Autumn is the last season for the growth of apple trees in the year. It is also a crucial period in the annual management. Doing a good job in this period of apple tree management can not only effectively improve the fruit production and quality of the year, but also maintain the photosynthetic performance of apple trees. Prevent early defoliation, increase the storage nutrition of apple trees, and build a strong tree, which will lay a good foundation for the flowering results in the coming year. I. Pest control 1. Early leaf disease prevention and control. Although early this year, the extent of damage to the early defoliation of apple trees is lighter than last year, but it cannot be taken lightly to prevent and re-infest the single plants and spots that have serious disease, resulting in the spread of the disease. In September, it was sprayed 1 or 2 times. The effective agent was 0.15% bleomycin 400 times, 50% acetaminophen 1000 times, and 10% polyoxonol 1000 times. 2. Prevent disease and protect fruit. Red scab, ringworm disease in the removal of the bag after the fruit, so that the fruit surface of 1 to 2 mm red-brown lesions, reduce the good fruit rate, to be prevented. After the removal of the bag, the whole tree was sprayed 5 days later, and 70% of imported thiophanate-methyl or domestic pure product thiophanate-methyl 1000 times or 80% of carbendazim pure powder 1000 times can be used. 3. Pest control. The main prevention and treatment of gold-grained silk moth, pear larvae, cotton aphids, boat-shaped caterpillars and other pests, diflubenzuron 3 No. 1500 times solution plus 1500 times the amount of Lorenz for control, such as severe leaf pests, available pyrethroids Be removed. In the beginning of September, grass was tied to trunks to trap red-white spiders, leaf roller moths and other pests. 4. Prevention of rot disease in late autumn. In order to reduce the occurrence of apple tree branch rot disease in the spring of the following year, it should be continued after the apple harvest. Mainly to scrape the surface of the bark ulcers, and in the first half of November on the main trunk, the main branch and then brush once again 40% Fumei 50 times or 10% of the fruit Kang Bao 5 times or 0.15% tincomycin 5 times etc. . Second, fertilizer and water management 1. Top dressing under the tree. In early September, top-dressing phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied to late-maturing varieties such as Red Fuji, and 50-75 kg were applied per acre, and multi-pointed fertilization was used to fertilize water immediately after fertilization. 2. Sprinkle fertilizer on the tree. In September, late-maturing varieties such as Red Fuji were sprayed with 300-fold potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 10 to 15 days on the trees, and sprayed three times to promote fruit coloring and fruit quality improvement. After the fruit is harvested, 200 times of urea and 200 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed, and sprayed for 2 to 3 times, each time for 5 to 7 days. 3. Autumn base fertilizer. Autumn basal fertilization, rapid healing of roots, rapid emergence of new roots, is conducive to root absorption of nutrients, improve fertilizer utilization. It is necessary to change the habit of applying basal fertilization in the winter and spring in the past and promote the use of basal fertiliser in the early autumn. From late August to late September, it is the best period for autumn basal fertilization. Red Fuji and other late-maturing varieties are harvested before harvesting. Apply 3 to 5 cubic meters of organic fertilizer (chicken manure, livestock manure, loop manure, etc.) per acre, and apply a quick-acting fertilizer at the same time. The dosage should account for more than 60% of the annual fertilization amount. Three, autumn trim Scientifically and reasonably doing a good job of pruning apple trees in autumn can achieve the effects of canopy ventilation and light transmission, promote fruit coloring, regulate tree vigor, and control orchard closure. 1. Clean up tree shrews. Appropriately cut off the tip of the erect leg of the erect leg and close the shoots to remove the dense tip that affects the coloration of the fruit. 2. Deflate peripheral shoots. For the closed gardens between the plants and between the lines, the outer shoots of the fruit tree canopy are cut off in mid-October to reduce the canopy crown width, and after the fruit is harvested, the large branches and dense branches between the plants and the rows are shrunk. Maintain the line between 1m and above. 3. Sparse branches. Tree with tree transformation task, in order to overcome the pruning response during winter cutting, remove the large branches that affect the tree structure in autumn. This kind of autumn shearing method is only suitable for trees that grow vigorously and cannot be overly heavy, nor can it be carried out consecutively. Otherwise, it will weaken the tree. 4. Pull the branches. For the apple saplings before shaping, September is the most suitable branching period. Pull the branches to achieve the effect of "pulling out the levels, pulling out the balance, pulling out the tree, and pulling out the level." Fourth, the fruit color Autumn is the fruit coloring period of late-maturing apple varieties such as Red Fuji. While doing a good job of fertilizer and water management, autumn pruning, etc., fruit coloring techniques should be actively adopted to effectively improve fruit quality and increase the economic benefits of orchards. 1. Take the bag. Fruits covered with paper bags are usually picked from the end of September to early October and 20 to 25 days before fruit harvest. The fruit of the double-layer paper bag should be taken in two times. The first step is to remove the extra-layer paper bag, and the inner red paper bag is retained. After 5 to 7 days, the bag is removed and the effect of coloration is good. 2. Pick the leaves. From the beginning of October, the leaves within 5 to 10 cm around the fruit were removed, and the petioles were preserved when the leaves were picked, and more attention was paid to picking up the senescent leaves and picking up the middle and upper functional leaves of the shoots. The amount of leaf removed is less than 30% of the total number of leaf in the whole tree, which will not affect the flower bud differentiation and the fruit yield and quality in the following year. 3. Turn fruit. After picking the bag, after 5 to 6 sunny days, when the positive side of the fruit is well colored, gently hold the fruit by hand, and transfer the fruit in the same direction so that the fruit's yin turns into a positive surface. After 7 to 10 days, the fruit is reversed in the opposite direction to restore the fruit. . 4. Shop reflective film. Conditional orchards can be retroreflective under the trees in late September to promote the coloration of fruit pods and produce whole red fruits. 5. Timely picking. Appropriate late harvest is conducive to fruit sugar enhancement, improve fruit quality. Generally Red Fuji apples are suitable for harvest from late October to early November. Respiratory Tract Infection Shandong Unovet Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. , https://www.unovetcn.com