High-yielding Cultural Techniques for Hybrid Seed Production of Southern Loofah

Loofah is the main melon vegetable variety in the southern region in summer and autumn and is very popular among consumers. For a long time, the loofah planting has been in a scattered and sporadic state, and it is difficult for the excellent varieties to be popularized and propagated in large areas, and the yield is low and the efficiency is poor. In order to solve this problem, Guangxi Hezhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences has conducted high-yield cultivation techniques for densely planted loofah for 10 consecutive years. It has gained rich experience in cultivation and management, and increased the output of seeds per 667 square meters from 10 kilograms to 60 kilograms to 75 kilograms. Kilograms, at a maximum of 90 kilograms, increased from 600 yuan per 667 square meters to 4,000 yuan now. The technology is now described below.

First, choose to breed good varieties. The breeding gourd is seeded to increase the number of plants to increase the yield, but it cannot be too dense. Therefore, it is necessary to select a series of varieties such as main vines with good melons, low melon traits, high fruit setting rate, strong disease resistance, and high temperature resistance, such as the highest yield of sponge gourd varieties in the Guangdong market.

Second, timely sowing. In order to meet the flowering period, parents with the same maturation period are usually sowed 7 to 10 days earlier than the female parent. Parental cultivation and management are the same as those for melon cultivation. The father's sowing time was March 15 and the mother's mother had an appropriate extension. Due to the low temperature in early spring, the loofah's direct germination rate is low, so it is necessary to sow seeds after dew-whitening. The nursery can be used to nurse seedlings or grow seedlings in small sheds. The key is that the gourd must be transplanted before the first true leaf, otherwise it will affect the survival rate. . Seedlings emerged 4 to 5 days after sowing and can be planted 3 days after emergence. The planted loofah bread lobe is 170 cm wide and planted in double lines in the shape of "infant". Each seedling has 2 seedlings, and the hole spacing is 75 centimeters. The density is 2300 to 2500 seedlings per 667 square meters. When planting a hole, apply 0.5 kg of farmyard manure and a small amount of compound fertilizer.

Third, fertilizer and water management. The short-lasting period of mature gourd loofah is 30 to 40 days after planting. Loofah seedlings are 10 cm long, applying 500 kg of fertilizer per 667 square meters of homeland fertilizer and 40 kg of compound fertilizer with a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of 2:1:1, and then insert the bamboo frame into a human frame. To ensure the vegetative growth of loofah, less than 1 meter of melon and side vines are removed. At the beginning of pollination, 667 square meters of urea and 25 kg of potassium chloride were applied, and the growth of post-grown seedlings was supplemented with nitrogen fertilizer.

Fourth, artificial pollination. This is a key technology that affects the seed production. The production of hybrids of Luffa hybrids mainly uses artificial cross-pollination methods. The parental colonization rate is 1:4 to 1:5. Parents can be colonized by the branch, or they can be planted in separate plots. When flowering, artificial hybrid pollination of loofah usually begins with the first female flower. Artificial hybrid pollination of common loofah At 5 pm on the day of flowering, the male flower of the soon-to-be-open paternal is taken off, the petals are peeled off, and the pollen is directly applied to the female stigma of the female parent. After pollination, female flower petals are clamped with electric wires. On the second day, the top of the stigma turns black to remove the clips and marks on the stalk. When pollinating artificially, all three female stigmas must be coated with pollen, preferably a male flower with a female flower. The quality of pollination directly affects the yield of loofah seeds. The pollination period is 15 to 25 days.

Fifth, Li Manhua hit the leaves. Loofahs can grow into 2 or 3 melons in the main vine. In order to ensure the purity of loofah varieties and reduce the nutrient loss of loofah, the male flowers of the female parent should be removed from the outset, leaving 2 to 3 side vines in the middle and upper part of the main vine. The middle and later stages of the loofah are basically Side vines dominated melons. If the loofah leaves are too much, it will affect the ventilation and light transmission. Cut off excess leaves in appropriate amounts.

Six, pest control. The main disease of loofah is downy mildew, which can be sprayed with 70% mancozeb 500 times solution or 72% ledomil 600 times solution. It must be used when the downy mildew occurs. Insect pests mainly include whitefly, cabbage caterpillar, and Spodoptera litura, which can be combined with dichlorvos 800-fold solution, dimethoate 800-fold solution, and insecticide dual 500-fold spray control. Spray time is generally selected in the evening.

7. Seed harvesting. The mature appearance of the early loofah is the appearance of yellowing. Harvesting should be timely, otherwise the internal moisture of the melon after the rain is large and the seeds are easy to germinate. After harvesting, cut the melon strip with a knife and remove the seeds. The mature appearance of loofah at the end of the day is the appearance of yellowing to dryness, light weight change, and sounding inside the melon strip. After harvesting, cut the top of the melon strips and forcefully throw the melon strips to shake off the seeds. The seeds must be dried in time and they should be selected as white-grained seeds.

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