Identification and Control of Eggplant Verticillium Wilt
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Symptoms Eggplant verticillium wilt, commonly known as "half-yellow, half-crazy," begins to show symptoms after fruit set and grows from the bottom up or from the side to the whole plant. At the beginning, the leaves turned green and yellow between the veins and the leaf margins, and later developed into half of the leaves or the whole leaves turned yellow. At the early stage of disease, the diseased leaves are wilting at high temperatures in sunny days and can recover sooner or later. The late-stage disease leaves turn brown from yellow and eventually lead to desiccation. In severe cases, the leaves of the whole plant become brown and only stalks remain until the whole plant withers. The disease is a whole plant disease. The typical symptoms include dead type, macular type, and yellow mottled type. The root, stem, branch and petiole of the necropsy show brown vascular bundles, and the squeezed section shows no milky white liquid. Different from bacterial wilt. Prevention (1) selection of disease-resistant varieties. Choose early-maturing and low-temperature-resistant varieties, such as Nozawa No.1, No.1 Korean black dragon eggplant, Japanese new black coral eggplant and so on. (2) Seed treatment. Warm water before sowing, soaking with 55 °C hot water for 10-15 minutes, and then germination sowing. (3) Rotation. More than 4 years rotation of non-solanum crops such as onions and garlic. (4) Proper close planting. It is advisable to plant 1800-2000 plants per 667 square meters (1 mu). (5) Balanced fertilization. Generally, 667 square meters of fully-fertilized high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer 3000-4000 kg, seedling phosphorus, potash fertilizer, the results of additional nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer. After the harvest, every 5-7 days after the harvest, spraying 1000-1500 times rich potassium solution, 1500-2000 times brassin 481 and other foliar fertilizers to enhance the plant's resistance. (6) Science watering. It is necessary to dilute the ground water, keep it dry and wet, and avoid flooding. Flood protection is encouraged in the ground and drip irrigation under the membrane is recommended. (7) Grafting and disease prevention. Commonly used rootstocks include red eggplant, Tolubam, and greenhouse eggplant anvil. (8) Chemical control. After planting, flowering, and harvesting, 28% of activated iodine was used to irrigate the roots with 500-600 times each, and 0.5 kg per plant. In the early stage of disease, 70% of enemy powder was used 500-600 times, or tomato disease. Tylenol 500-600 times liquid, or 10% of the treatment Weiling Ling agent 200-300 times, or Zhikang 600-800 times liquid Irrigation root, 150-200 ml per plant, 7-10 days 1, continuous 2- 3 times.