Scientifically Preventing Plastic Film and Potato Pests and Diseases
Potato is one of the main crops and crops in the northern region. It has the characteristics of both grain and vegetable use, high and stable yield, short growth period, strong adaptability, rich nutrition, and wide range of uses. It plays an important role in the adjustment of agricultural economy and crop structure. In addition, the potatoes have a longer dormancy period after harvest and are resistant to storage. They can be marketed in batches at selected prices. In recent years, potato mulch film cover cultivation has been expanding year by year in our country. However, the current cultivation of potato covered with plastic film is relatively extensive, and people generally do not pay attention to pest control, resulting in low yield, poor quality, heavy pest and disease damage, low commodity value, and low market share. Therefore, attention should be paid to the scientific prevention and control of potato film pests and diseases. Late blight: A fungal disease. The typical symptoms are yellowish-brown or black spots on susceptible leaves, and white molds on the leaves just after the rain or when the dew is dry. In general, serious rain occurs before and after flowering. In addition to the use of disease-resistant varieties, the selection of disease-free seed potatoes and other agricultural measures, in the early stages of disease prevention and control can be carried out. Found that the central disease should be promptly removed; the initial incidence of spraying 58% metalaxyl MnZn wettable powder 600 ~ 800 times liquid, or 64% antiviral WP 500 times, or 72.2% Precike 800 times liquid , Or 3% polymycin wettable powder 300 times. Black shank disease: The most obvious symptom is that the stem base is darkened until it is connected to the virgin potato, and soon it softens and rots, easily pulling out the soil surface. Longitudinal diseased plants show that the vascular bundles have become brown. Potatoes, which are generally severely diseased, have decayed in the field before harvest. The principle of prevention and control is mainly agricultural measures: 1. Appropriate increase in nitrogen fertilizer and reasonable irrigation. 2. Once the diseased plant is found, remove it immediately. 3. Remove field potato residues and eliminate sources of infestation. 4. Foliar spray of 0.1% copper sulfate solution or copper hydroxide can significantly reduce black shank disease. Viral disease: mainly after the onset of wrinkled mosaic disease and roll leaf disease two. Aphids are the main vectors of transmission of the virus and must be strictly controlled. Control methods: 1, to strengthen the cultivation and management. Increase the spacing, narrow the spacing between plants, high ridges and furrows, apply basic fertilizers, increase phosphorus and potash fertilizers, reasonably apply water, remove diseased plants in time, and reduce the incidence. 2, control locusts. Immediately after the emergence of the potato, the insects were sprayed to control the aphids. 3, chemical control. With 1.5% of the plant disease Ling 1000 times plus 20% of the virus A600 times spray, or 5% mycophenolate WP 500 times, spray every 7 days, even spray 3-4 times, prevent disease The effect is good. Ring rot: generally begins to show symptoms before and after flowering, stem shortening, leaf color brown yellow withering, yellowing between veins, resulting in yellow-brown plaques, leaf margin curled slightly upward. The ring rot is mainly transmitted by the seed potato, and the seeded potato is the primary source of infection. Cuts are the main route of transmission. Prevention and control should adopt comprehensive measures for the selection of disease-resistant varieties, field removal of diseased plants and selection of low-toxic pesticides. Implementation of rotation, the selection of disease-resistant varieties; found diseased plants should be eliminated in time, and pay attention to the prevention and control of underground pests. Diseases in the field can be sprayed with 72% of agricultural streptomycin 4000 times, or 2% of kasugamycin wettable powder 500 times, or 77% of wettable particulate powder 500 times, or 25% of ammonia hydrothermal agent 300 times liquid. Prevention of underground pests using 480 g / l Ino-Eco Oil 500-800 times liquid. Locust: At the beginning of the outbreak, use 50% anti-inferiority WP 2000 to 3000 times, or 0.3% oxymatrine insecticide 1000 times, or nicotinic acid emulsion 1000 times, or 10% imidacloprid WP 2000 Diluent, or 2.5% to 2.8% deltamethrin EC solution, or 3% acetamiprid EC diluted 800 times for foliar spray, better results. Underground pests: There are earthworms, earthworms, golden needles, and earthworms. They mainly damage the seedlings with larvae and bite off the stem base near the ground, causing the plants to die. Prevention methods: 1, fall, autumn, destroy their wintering sites, can kill a large number of larvae and eggs, reducing the overwintering base. 2, cultivating insect pests. Eradicate the weeds at the edge of the field and the fields. 3, set the molasses trap or black light trap adult. 4. Chemical control: 50% phoxim emulsion per acre 400 to 500g, or 3% phoxim particles 1.5 to 2?, mixed in 50? fine soil or sand, applied during volt, autumn plowing or before sowing In the furrows, fight or sow the soil. During the period of adult emergence, spray 50% phoxim emulsion 1000 times, or 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times, or 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times, on pest-intensive crops or trees. Or 30% acephate EC 500 times, or 20% Fenvalerate EC 3000 times. Potato tuber moths: Insect-free seed potatoes are used to avoid continuous cropping of potato and tobacco crops. Clean the pasture, combined with cultivating the soil in the cultivator, to avoid the exposure of the potato block to adult oviposits. In the epidemic period of the onset of harm to the generations of adults, spraying with 4.5% Lufen EC 1000-1500 times or 24% Wan Ling agent 800 times spray control. Potato 28 Ladybirds: Killed during the whole potato growth period. Because the reproductive generation is not neat, after adults lay eggs, the larvae and adults feed on the potato leaves together. The larvae eat leaves on the back of the leaves, bite the potato leaves into a mesh, leaving only the veins in the damaged parts, forming a transparent mesh fine lines. Photosynthesis was severely affected and the plants gradually died. Prevention and control can be used to adult dead habits, artificial capture of adults, removal of egg masses; when the emergence of adults just spraying dichlorvos 800-1000 times, obvious control effect. Controlling larvae should take advantage of the favorable time before larvae are dispersed, sprayed with 20% fenvalerate or 2.5% deltamethrin 3000 times, or 50% phoxim emulsion 1000 times, or 2.5% kung fu 3,000 times . Ningbo DOKEE Medical Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.dokeemedical.com