Shandong beats the grain increase production "combination boxing"

At noon on January 27th, he had eaten dumplings with “broken five”. Jia Xiukun, a large grain producer in the village of Nanjia Village, Yangxin County, habitually picked up his own village head. Pinch a handful of soil and look at the wheat seedlings that swayed slightly in the cold. He could not conceal his joy. "This year's seedlings are the best in recent years, and it may well be a good harvest year."

Almost at the same time, the director of the Provincial Department of Agriculture, Shu Shuyi, also believes that comprehensive analysis is expected this year to achieve a "ten-year increase in grain production" and a breakthrough of 90 billion kilograms.

Encourage the enthusiasm of farmers for grain production Without the enthusiasm of farmers for grain production, there can be no food production increase.

Jia Xiukun is 38 years old. Through land transfer, he contracted 500 mu of land from surrounding villagers at a price of 450 yuan to 500 yuan per mu, and invested more than 400,000 yuan to buy 8 sets of agricultural machinery at a subsidized price. The company joined a professional cooperative led by the local leading company Yujie Flour, planting the “Jima 17”, which is suitable for noodles. Although the output is not dominant, the price is 3 cents higher than that of ordinary wheat. Last year, wheat and corn had a ton of grain and the net income per mu was nearly one thousand yuan. At the end of the year, the country was honored as the nation’s advanced individual in grain production in the name of the State Council and was awarded a large-scale agricultural machine. Jia Xiukun believes that it is not worthwhile to have more people and less land. It is not worthwhile for one family to grow grain. However, the state encourages grain production. The policy guarantees stable food prices. If scale benefits are provided, grain production will be the most profitable and most stable.

At present, the yields of wheat and corn machines in our province have reached 97.4% and 71.5%, respectively, and the overall level of mechanization in grain production has reached 89%. It is the first in the country, and many places have begun to explore the mechanism and path of land scale operation.

Established in 2009, Jiaxiang County Hongyun Fumin Land Custody Cooperative has now carried out land custody in more than a dozen villages in the surrounding areas. It has developed more than 3,000 farmer households with over 23,000 mu of trust land, and has increased production and saved costs through centralized purchasing and unified management. Farmers can increase the efficiency of 260 yuan per mu of land per year.

There are 268 agricultural machinery cooperatives registered in the industrial and commercial sector in Dezhou City, with 3,190 tractors, 2,475 combine harvesters, and 8,120 sets of other supporting machinery for cultivation, planting, plant protection, etc. Million acres of land became a reality.

Liu Fangyuan, deputy director of the Provincial Department of Agriculture, said that without the enthusiasm of farmers for grain growing, there can be no increase in grain production, and the emphasis on food security must first give grain farmers a benefit.

According to reports, the current grain subsidies for farmers and the comprehensive subsidies for agricultural resources have been raised to 98.45 yuan per mu in 2011. In 2009, the subsidy for improved varieties achieved full coverage of subsidy for wheat, corn and rice. Agricultural machinery purchase accumulative subsidy funds 3 billion yuan to subsidize purchase of agricultural machinery 400,000 units. In addition, last year, the agricultural insurance planted 26.32 million mu of crops, providing 5.34 million farmers with 8.4 billion in risk protection, including 25,280,000 mu of wheat and corn.

Good seeds have good crop key technologies contribute 40% to new grain productivity

On the first day of the Lunar New Year, in Chenlou Village, Shaozhuang Town, Cao County, Tang Yuquan, the “grand master of grain” in Heze City, told reporters last year that the wheat yield he planted last year reached 1563.8 pounds. This is the second time that Tang Yuquan has won the title of “Food King”. .

"Tang Yuquan's yield is only 15.98 pounds less than the 789.89 kilograms of northern wheat produced in Tengzhou city in 2009. It is a little regrettable," said Yan Chuansheng, chief expert of the Agricultural Bureau of Heze City. The record of innovation is 112.2 pounds higher than last year. It is only a matter of time before the record is set aside."

According to statistics, the contribution rate of major and key technological measures to new grain production capacity can reach 40%. In the past nine years, with no major increase in grain area, the province’s total grain output increased by 22.7 billion kilograms, and the yield increased from 701.2 kilograms to 825.8 kilograms, increased 124.6 kilograms, and increased by 17.8%, reaching 70 billion kilograms and 800 kilograms. Two hundred million kilograms of two major steps last year to overcome drought and other adverse weather effects, reaching 88.53 billion kilograms. In the future, to increase grain production, the possibility of large-scale increase of grain fields is still small, and relying on science and technology to explore the potential for yield per unit is the only way.

Only with good seeds can there be good crops. In order to further tap the potential for increase in germplasm resources, in recent years, our province has focused on cultivating 58 multi-resistant, high-yield, high-quality, special wheat varieties, and 129 new maize varieties that are dense-tolerant, resistant to lodging, resistant to pests and diseases, and adapted to mechanized operations. . At present, the province's penetration rate of crop cultivars reaches more than 96%, and the main cultivars have high product quality. The average yield per mu is above 500 kg. Among them, the top five planting areas of Jimai 22 and other wheat varieties accounted for 62.35% of the total wheat planting area in the province, and the top five planting areas of Zhengdan 958 and other corn varieties accounted for 55.35% of the province's total corn planting area.

There must be good methods for the improved varieties. Prof. Dong Shuting, vice president of Shandong Agricultural University, said that the province's wheat has promoted semi-finished sowing of fine-seeding, post-suppression repression, nitrogen transfer, increased production of dry crops, winter and spring control of anti-freeze, and appropriate late planting techniques. "One increase and four changes" as well as strong live broadcasting, appropriate late receipt and so on. The standardized sown area of ​​wheat reached 36 million mu, and the planting density of maize increased from 3,656 per acre in 2002 to 4,167 in 2011. The soil testing and formulating fertilization project has been promoted to 220 million mu since 2005, and wheat and corn have been respectively promoted. The average cost savings is about 50 yuan.

Since organizing the implementation of the high-yield food production activities in 2008, the number of national demonstration projects of high-yield grain production in the province has increased to 262, and at the same time, more than 500 demonstration projects have been created in cities and counties. According to statistics, from 2008 to 2011, the province's high-yield 10,000-mu demonstration plots in average wheat yield per mu were higher than 50% of the wheat yield in the entire province and more than 40% of the total output of corn.

Increase production without relying on luck and rely on natural gas to achieve irrigated land in 2020, water saving in irrigation areas, and long-term water saving

Studies have shown that among the various factors affecting food production, the utility of water is the most prominent. The yield of 1 mu of irrigated land is 2 to 4 times that of 1 mu of dry land. It is not difficult to find that in recent years, our province is basically in the wet years, and the overall climate is well-adjusted, which coincides highly with the continuous increase of grain production in our province. In the process of “nine consecutive years,” in addition to good policy and hard work, “God helps” many times, and it can be said that luck is good. For example, in the autumn, winter and spring of the previous year, our province experienced a drought of once in 60 years, but in the end of February and early March of last year, drought was a critical moment when wheat needed to be watered. A series of good rains drove away the “drought floods”. This year's winter wheat in our province has the best seedling quality in recent years, and it is also related to the good soil moisture content and the abundant rain before winter.

However, history has proved that relying solely on the good old days, there is no confidence in the continuous increase in production and stable production of grain. To achieve drought and flood protection, in addition to improving the content of agricultural science and technology, strengthening infrastructure such as farmland water conservancy is also the key.

To this end, since 2009, the province has officially launched the implementation of the “small rural water” key counties and supported the county as a unit to carry out the construction of small-scale farmland water conservancy facilities. By the end of last year, the province’s “small farm water” key county projects had increased to 88, basically covering The province's grain-producing counties. Since the implementation of the project, a total of more than RMB 2 billion has been invested, and a large number of engineering facilities have been completed and put into use one after another. The comprehensive agricultural production capacity, disaster prevention and reduction capacity, and sustainable development capacity of the project area have increased substantially. By increasing the intensity of small-scale farmland water conservancy construction, our province is expected to increase the area of ​​flood and flood control and protection from the existing 50 million mu to 70 million mu within 3 years, accounting for about 65% of the total cultivated area in the province. According to the plan, by 2020, the province will build 85 million mu of high-standard farmland with irrigation facilities, relying on water sources, and “drought-irrigated and energy-efficient”. The effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water will reach 0.66, basically realizing the arable land irrigation. Irrigation area water conservation, long-term water-saving, get rid of the "days to eat" situation.

The increase in production for nine consecutive years has never happened in the history of grain production in the province. This year, the economic situation has become more complicated and severe, and stable grain production and increased production have become more important. The winter wheat planting area in our province increased by 500,000 mu last year and exceeded 54 million mu. The current wheat seedling condition is relatively good, laying a good foundation for the summer harvest.

The director of the Provincial Department of Agriculture, Shu Shuyi, believes that Shandong's grain production will achieve “a continuous increase”, and it is necessary to lay a good “combination box” for increasing grain production. For summer grain, combined with the characteristics of the situation of the seedlings, we should seize the favorable opportunity for soil moisture and carry out early spring wheat field management. At the same time, we must focus on the promotion of key technologies such as “one spray and three defenses” in the late wheat period. Especially in the critical period such as turning green wheat, getting up and jointing, and heading grouting, we must promptly organize wheat experts to do a good job of consultation, organize and carry out "10,000 scientific and technical personnel to the countryside to serve activities," and send the technology to families and implement them in the fields. .