Integrated control technology of corn diseases and weeds

In recent years, with the widespread adoption of no-tillage practices and advanced fertilization techniques, corn fields have faced increasing challenges from pests and diseases. These issues have become more severe, affecting both crop health and yield. One of the primary concerns is the rising population of underground pests, such as crickets and wireworms, which often lead to significant seedling losses. Additionally, diseases like seedling blight and weed infestations have become major problems throughout the growing season. Seedling blight typically causes leaf tips or entire leaves to dry out, and in severe cases, can result in dead seedlings. A lack of potassium during the early growth stage can also slow down plant development. The use of straw mulch has worsened the damage caused by the Swedish fly and corn thrips, while sunflower meal cultivation has delayed the growth of corn during the jointing stage. The occurrence of these pests is closely linked to weather conditions and sowing dates. For example, the second generation of Helicoverpa armigera and Mythimna separata often overlap, leading to serious infestations that can destroy crops. Weed control has also become increasingly difficult in corn fields. Chemical weeding methods are less effective now, and weeds continue to regrow after being disturbed, reducing the overall effectiveness of weed management. This has led to greater damage to corn leaves and lower yields. During the tasseling stage, pests such as corn borers, cotton bollworms, cutworms, and locusts are particularly active, causing damage to the grain and reducing yield. Leaf spot disease is another common issue, making integrated pest and disease management essential. To address these challenges, several effective measures can be taken: 1. **Variety Selection**: Choose high-yielding, disease-resistant, and lodging-resistant varieties such as Nongda 108, Zhengdan 958, Hudan 24, Shiyu 8, and Great Wall 98. These varieties show strong resistance to diseases and produce higher yields. 2. **Seed Treatment**: Apply a mixture of insecticides and fungicides to seeds before planting. For example, mix 1 ml of 50% 1605 or 40% phoxim with 1 ml of 50% carbendazim per 1 kg of corn seeds. Add 2-3 kg of water, stir well, and let it sit for 4-6 hours before drying and sowing. This helps prevent underground pests and reduces the risk of seed-borne diseases. 3. **Organic Fertilizer Application**: Farmers should avoid using raw chicken manure, which can harbor pests. Instead, it should be properly composted at high temperatures before application to reduce pest populations. 4. **Chemical Weeding**: - **Pre-emergence Weeding**: After seeding, apply 200 ml of 40% Yihuo, 48% Yucaling, 42% Yucajing, or Jade Emperor, along with 200-250 ml of 50% acetochlor per mu, mixed with 45 kg of water. - **Post-emergence Weeding**: For weeds under 3 leaves, spray 4-6 grams of 80% Yunong Le per mu. For larger weeds, use herbicides carefully between rows to avoid damaging the corn plants. 5. **Pest Control Measures**: - **Thrips and Aphids**: When 2-3% of the leaves are damaged, apply 1000 times diluted 25% Fast Kill Ling or 10% imidacloprid (20-30 g per 30 kg water). - **Cutworms**: Use 75-100 ml of Quick Kill Spirit per mu, mixed with 150-200 pounds of water, and spray directly at the base of the corn stalks. - **Cotton Bollworms and Armyworms**: If worm density reaches 5%, spray 40 ml of 25% Swarphothreil or 25% Huifeng Chong per 30 kg water, or 3000 times diluted 2% Methyl Avermectin. - **Corn Borers**: At the late leaf stage, apply special granules or mix 100 ml of 1605 with 10-15 kg of fine sand and water, and apply it to the heart of the plant when the leaf damage rate exceeds 20%. - **Red Spider Mites**: Spray 30 ml of 1.8% QiQiSu per 30 kg water in late July. - **Corn Borers Post-Tasseling**: Apply 60 ml of 40% Omethoate and 30 ml of 80% DDV per 30 kg water around the base of the tassels. By implementing these comprehensive strategies, farmers can effectively manage pests and diseases, ensuring healthier crops and better yields.

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