Jingxiu Grape Cultivation Technology in Sunlight Greenhouse
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1. The conditions of the ground and the structure of the greenhouse structure are plain sandy loam soil, the soil layer is thick, the organic matter content is 0.65%-0.90%, and PH6.5-7.0. The greenhouse is a steel frame structure north to south, east-west direction, east-west length 85m, north-south width 9m, shed height 1.5m, ridge height 3.5m, back wall height 2.5m, wall thickness 1m for brick and soil mixed structure, and back wall 16 A 60cm square ventilation window, covered with no-shedding film on the shed, covering the straw curtain on the membrane, equipped with drip irrigation, automatic shutter, fluorescent (fill light) and soil heating (heating).
2. Production and benefits of greenhouses In the spring of 2001, the Jingxiu grape seedlings were planted in the spring of that year. The output was 1,160 kg per 667 square meters in late April of the following year; in 2003, the average output per 667 square meters was 2,030 kg; in 2004, the average was 667 square meters. The output reached 2470kg. The average price for three years is 20 yuan/kg, and the output value for each 667 square meters in the second, third and fourth years after planting is 23,200 yuan, 40,600 yuan and 49,400 yuan respectively. The total income of the trial shed is 667 yuan per 667 square meters for the first 4 years. , significant economic benefits.
3, the main cultivation techniques
3.1 Colonization from north to south was planted with a spacing of 0.5m1.5m. Planting digging 1m wide and 60-70cm deep before planting, filling 15-20cm thick corn stalks at the bottom of the ditch, applying a small amount of urea above, and then calculating the amount of fertilizer with a standard of 2500kg of chicken manure per 667m2. The topsoil is fully mixed and backfilled and watered. In early April, planting holes with a depth of 30 cm were dug in the planting furrows. The roots of the grape seedlings were soaked with 50 mg/L BAT3 rooting powder for 5 minutes, and were then watered and covered with black mulch.
3.2 Fertilizer and Water Management Each year in September, 667 square meters will be applied to 2500kg of high-quality chicken manure and 50kg of NPK fertilizer. Jingxiu Shuxi is more prosperous, with moderate results, large grains, and high yields. Therefore, the management of fertilizer and water must adopt the principle of promoting control before use, that is, controlling nitrogen fertilizer and water before flowering, so that the result branches can maintain moderate growth, and when the young fruit reaches the size of large soybeans, it will increase fertilizer and water, applying 30 kg of urea per 667 square meters. During fruit enlargement, diammonium phosphate 50kg. In addition, the combination of spray application of photosynthetic micro-fertilizer 500 times, 800-1000 times of vitalizer to supplement the tree nutrients. Spray 0.3% borax 3-5 days before flowering, then spray 0.2%-0.3% zinc sulfate every 1-2 days, which can greatly reduce the ratio of small grains.
3.3 Pruning should be used for plastic trimming, because of growing trend, it is necessary to re-pick up the heart early, control prosperous, planting two main vines in the year of planting, when the main vine grows to 60-80cm, picking the heart, and go to the top of the shoot to leave the winter buds, and the rest All leave 1 leaf topping. After about 25 days, when the top winter bud grows and grows to 6-7 leaves, leave 5 leaves to pick up the heart, and at the same time, remove the top buds to leave the winter buds. After the winter buds germinate again, they can leave 1 tip every 20 cm and leave 2 leaves to pick up the heart, and the rest are erased. When the main vine grows to 1.2m, the tree vigorously sprayed 500mg/L paclobutrazol or girdled at the base of the main vine, slowing down the flower growth. The Jingxiu grape has a low-quality flower node and is easy to grow into flowers. Tests have proved that in the case of many years of cultivation, the Jingxiu grape, which is growing vigorously, should be completely removed after the harvest in early May, and the resulting mother twigs should be re-germinated, or the results of the current year Repeatedly promote the growth of the auxiliary shoots. But pruning should not be too late. It must be completed in early June. Otherwise, flower buds will be poorly differentiated due to missed flower bud differentiation in the best period of growth.
3.4 The release of dormancy technology has been proved in practice for several years that application of lime nitrogen in the middle and late November (after falling leaves) can relieve dormancy earlier. The application time should be one month before the start of warming. The method is: per kilogram of lime nitrogen and warm water at 50 °C 5kg, stir evenly and add appropriate amount of adhesive, apply directly to the whole grape with a brush, focusing on the central bud eye, the top 1-2 buds and the lower buds can not be applied; also can be used to bear The sprayer sprays the entire plant and the effect is also very good. This treatment can germinate about 15 days earlier, and germinate neatly, the grape will be about 15 days in the morning. Jingxiu requires 1200°C temperature to pass through 1200 hours before it can pass through natural dormancy. Therefore, in mid-November, the straw curtain should be buckled so that no light is seen in the greenhouse, and all the vents are opened at night to regulate the temperature in the greenhouse at 7.2°C. Below -2°C, this will not only increase the amount of low temperature but also protect the grape plants from frost damage. After about 30 days, that is, gradually warming up in mid-December. One third of the grass curtains were lifted during the day. After 5 days, 2/3 of the grass curtains were lifted during the day. After 5 days, they were all lifted during the day.
3.5 Temperature and Humidity Management From the time of warming and precipitating, the first week is to implement low temperature management, maintain about 20°C during the day and 10-15°C during the night; gradually increase the temperature until germination sprouts, and rise to 28-30°C during the day, Keep 15-20 °C at night, minimum not less than 5 °C. This period is the period with the most water demand in the growth period of Jingxiu grape. It needs to be fully filled with water, and it is usually irrigated twice with 30mm of water, and the doors and windows of the greenhouse are closed, so that the relative humidity of the air is kept above 80%. If the humidity is low during the day, the sprayer can be used to spray the shoots to a certain degree of high temperature and humid conditions to promote early budding. At the beginning of the shoot growth, low-temperature and low-humidity management was implemented. The temperature is controlled at 25-28°C during the day and 15°C at night, with a minimum of 10°C. While strictly controlling the irrigation, we must also strictly control the air humidity to maintain about 60%. If there is a lack of water in the depth of the soil, it should be filled with sufficient water to make up for it. High temperatures are required before and after flowering. During the day, the temperature should be maintained at 28°C, 16-18°C at night, and not less than 15°C. To stop irrigation during flowering, air humidity should be kept at about 50%. The daytime temperature of the young fruit is maintained at 25-28°C and does not exceed 30°C; the nighttime temperature can be maintained at 18-20°C but should not exceed 20°C. For small ground irrigation, 15-20mm of water is poured once a week, and the humidity management can be left as it is natural. During the ripening period of berry coloration, the temperature difference between day and night should be increased to increase the sugar accumulation, 18-30°C during the day and 16-18°C or lower during the night. Generally do not water.
3.6 Flower and fruit management In the first 2 weeks before flowering, excessive flower spikes were removed, 2 strong spikes were left in the strong branch, 1 spike was left in the mean tree branch, and weak branches were not left. 1 week after flowering, fruit thinning, 50-60 pieces of fruit per ear, 667 square meters of production within 2500kg. After fruit thinning, use 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times or 50% carbendazim 800 times to soak the ear. After the liquid is dry, cover the Qingdao Jiatian grape special bag or newspaper bag and remove the bag within 1 week before picking. The fruit and grains treated in this manner are bright and clean with good color and good quality.
3.7 Prevention and control of pests and diseases The greenhouse pests of Jingxiu grape are relatively light, and 5 Be lime sulfur is sprayed before budding. Two sprays of chlorothalonil and carbendazim prevent cobear brown blight before flowering; half lime Bordeaux is sprayed after falling. Liquid and cream epidemic, thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, etc. In June, lime-based Bordeaux mixture was used as the main solution, alternating with alfaphosphoric acid, Cobo, Trichoderma, and chlorothalonil to prevent and control downy mildew, Powdery mildew, blackpox, spray once every 10 days.