Seed processing techniques and cultivation techniques of Bupleurum chinense

1 seed treatment method

1.1 Selected strains to retain seeds

During the growth phase of Bupleurum chinense, there are differences in field microclimate and individual plants' resistance to pests and diseases. Some weak seedlings and diseased pests will appear.

When selecting the seeds to be retained, they choose to grow vigorously, no pests, and 2 years old Bupleurum plants. The selected Bupleurum chinense plants do not pick the pods and do not pick them up. Selected strains were treated with P and K fertilizers in field management.

In the flowering bud stage, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar spraying can be 0.2%--0.3%, and sprayed once every 5 days for two consecutive times. Can promote fruit development, full grain. In September-November, when the fruit turns from blue to brown, take the upper part of the seeds together with the twigs, take them to the air, dry them, dry them, dry them, then thresh and dry them. The wind will pick out the plump and mature seeds and seal them in the jar and the jar. spare.

1.2 Seed Processing Methods

The seed life of Bupleurum chinense is shorter and new seeds are used for sowing. Seed treatment mainly includes chemical treatment, hormone treatment, warm water and sand treatment, and ray treatment. Restricted by rural conditions, the use of the first three methods to deal with, can increase the germination rate of Bupleurum seeds 12.6% -15.4%. Agent treatment: Soaking seeds with 0.8%-1.0% potassium permanganate solution for 10-15min can increase the seedling emergence rate by 15.4%. Hormone treatment: Use 0.5x10 (negative 6th power) - 1.0x10 (negative 6th power) cytokinin (6-8A) to soak seeds for 1d, remove the seeds, rinse with water, and sow seeds to increase seedling emergence. The rate is 12.6%. Warm sand reservoir treatment: soak the seed with warm water of 35--40°C for 1d, remove the earthworm grains floating on the water, and then germinate 1 part seeds and 3 wet sands at a temperature of 20-25°C. About 10-12d When a part of the seed is breached, sowing is ensured for sufficient number of seedlings.

2 field high-yield cultivation techniques

2.1 Site Preparation

Planting sites should be selected from 1100--1500m above sea level for deep, loose and fertile, well-drained loam and sandy loam or gentle slope planting.

Before the planting, multiple ploughshares shall be used to make the soil particles finely crushed, the soil shall be soft and flat, and 30,000 kilos of hectare per hectare of fertilizer shall be applied to the soil. The soil shall be plunged into the soil and the width shall be 120--130cm, the depth of the ditch shall be 25cm, and the width of the ditch shall be 30cm. Sorghum is waiting to sow.

2.2 Sowing seeding

Before sowing, a row of 10cm in depth shall be formed in a row of 20cm along the entire surface of the crop, and then seeded or drilled at a distance of 15cm. There are two kinds of sowing methods, seeding (transplanting) and direct seeding. Because of the drought in spring in the Qinba Mountains, seedling transplanting is not easy to survive. Chaihu can be broadcast live in both spring and autumn. Spring sowing in early April to early May, autumn sowing in the seeds after harvesting, drying and then began to live broadcast until the first half of November before the freezing of the soil.

2.3 Weeding and Dilling Weeding

Bupleurum seedlings emerged 12--15 days after sowing, and after emergence, when the seedlings reach 4--5 cm, the first thinning, cultivating and weeding were carried out, and dense seedlings and weak seedlings were dropped. When the seedling height reaches 8-10cm, the seedlings will be planted, and the number of seedlings to be established is appropriate to be 675,000-825,000 plants/ha. This density range is the ideal density for high yields. Dingmiao should be able to grasp the seedlings every 10cm to keep strong 1--2 strains; If there is a shortage of plants in the field, it should also be planted at this time, and the supplementary plant should be watered in time. After the plant is closed, cultivators are no longer used for cultivating, and weeds are only removed by hand to prevent root loss. In general, weeding with chemical herbicides is not necessary.

2.4 Fertilization

In addition to applying adequate fertilizer at the bottom of the farm when sowing, Bupleurum must be top-dressed several times during the two-year growth period. The first seedlings were combined with cultivating and weeding at the first seedling, and 22,500 kg/ha of diluted, diluted livestock and livestock manure was applied. The second seedling application was combined with cultivating and weeding at the seedlings, and the decomposed diluted livestock and manure was applied. Water 30,000 kg/ha; 3rd top dressing at seedling height 30--40cm, combined with cultivating and weeding, rapeseed cake (other cakes are available) 750--900kg/ha and light human livestock water 22,500kg From the second year to the second year, topdressing fertilizer can be applied twice, each time applying 150--225kg/ha of diammonium phosphate; or using superphosphate solution as an extra-root fertilizer; 0.2%--0.3% can also be used. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was applied by spraying two to three times. Potassium fertilizer alone can be sprayed with organic potassium fertilizer, each application of 3kg/ha. The above fertilization schemes can be used interchangeably to promote rapid root enlargement.

2.5 humidity

Bupleurum likes to grow in a humid environment, but is most afraid of impregnating water. Before the onset of the rainy season, it is necessary to clear the trenches in time to ensure the smooth drainage of the gutters and reduce the occurrence of field diseases.

2.6 to pick up

After many times of fine management, the upper part of the Radix Bupleurum grows vigorously, half of the annual plants can twitch and bloom, and all of the two-year-old can twitch and blossom. The flowering period lasts from early August to early October and lasts for as long as 40--50 days, and flowering consumes. A lot of nutrients inside the plant, thereby affecting the accumulation of nutrients in the roots, is not conducive to high yield. The timely removal of tillers and newly emerged buds can promote the accumulation of nutrients in the roots of plants.

2.7 Strengthen Pest Control

In the prevention and treatment of pests and diseases of Bupleurum, we must follow the application of heavy metal pesticides and pesticides with high toxicity and high residues. We must adhere to the prevention of agricultural measures, and use biological pesticides or high-efficiency, low-toxic pesticides. The pests and their control methods are as follows:

Root knot nematode disease: A virus caused by root knot nematodes parasitizing the roots of Radix Bupleuri. Control methods: Soil preparation was performed after soil preparation and 15 days before sowing with 80% dibromochlorohydrin EC diluted 100--150 times. Root rot: root rot occurs in the high temperature and rainy season. The main prevention methods are: strengthen drainage during the rainy season, reduce water accumulation in the ground, reduce flood disasters, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to increase disease resistance, and find that after removing the diseased plants, use 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000-time solution to dip root for 5 minutes, and take out the sun-dried food. Limes to prevent spreading. Underground pests (tiger tigers, acarids): prevent the use of adequately decomposed farmhouse manures and use light to seduce adult insects; during the occurrence period, use 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution or stir fry triadimemic wheat bran to induce larvae. . A small amount occurs manually.

Locust and yellow phoenix butterfly: One way to control aphids is to increase the altitude of Chaihu. Generally, the occurrence of locusts is 900-1000m above sea level. In the area above 1200m, locusts rarely occur. Second, a large number of locusts occur in June-August each year. When it occurs, it is controlled with biological agents or with low residual pesticides. The control of the yellow swallowtail uses manual killing of larvae. In the case of large quantities, spraying with the biological pesticide P. erinacei 300 times can achieve good results.

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