Determination of "total organic carbon (TOC)" in ultrapure water
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Total Carbon (TC): the total amount of elemental carbon in a substance or solution;
Total Inorganic Carbon (TIC): the total amount of carbon in the aqueous solution of bicarbonate, carbonate, and dissolved carbon dioxide;
Total Organic Carbon (TOC): The total amount of carbon covalently bonded to an organic molecule;
Particulate Organic Carbon (POC): total organic carbon (TOC) that can be trapped through a 0.45 μm filter;
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC): total organic carbon (TOC) that can pass through a 0.45 μm filter;
Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC): Total organic carbon (TOC) that can be removed from an aqueous solution by a vapor transfer or substitution method under specific conditions;
In ultrapure water, the TOC measurement detected mainly DOC, and a part of VOC. Although the detection of VOC is related to the sampling conditions (such as temperature, pressure) and the volatility of organic matter (vapor pressure), the results are affected. And TIC is not included in TOC measurements, and high concentrations of ions (conductivity) can interfere with certain test methods. But overall, TOC measurement is still an effective method, not only simple measurement, but also represents the type of organic matter in the water.
2, the impact of organic matter in water Due to the increasing sensitivity of today's analytical instruments and experimental methods, organic pollutants in ultrapure water have become the most concerned issue in the laboratory. Excessive organic pollutants in water can cause the following problems:
Detection sensitivity is reduced, detection limit is increased (poor detection limit)
Poor reproducibility
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Coating of reactive surfaces
Product chemical interference
Produce diffuse or non-diffusion effects
Fouring of separation of purification media in a purification medium or separation medium
A combination of water purification techniques (such as activated carbon adsorption, ultraviolet (UV) oxidation, ion exchange, etc.) that promotes the production of toxic substances by microorganisms can effectively reduce organic matter in water. Whether for laboratory analysis or production preparation, it is important to choose a system that produces TOC-compliant pure water systems.
Similarly, it is extremely important to be able to accurately monitor the purity of organic matter in water. The ionic strength of the produced water is usually measured directly using a built-in in-line detector and continuously displays its resistivity (MΩ·cm) or conductivity (μs/cm). However, since many organic substances are not ionized or only partially ionized in water, the resistivity value cannot accurately represent the content of organic matter. However, many off-line organic analytical methods have low detection sensitivity, are time consuming, and are susceptible to contamination. Therefore, using on-line organic matter detection, dissolved organic matter in water can be measured accurately, quickly, and with high sensitivity. The installation of an online TOC monitor in an ultrapure water system for experiments is an ideal method for monitoring and ensuring the content of organic matter in ultrapure water.
Application and advantages of online TOC value determination
Online TOC measurement directly in a pure water system provides unique assurance and quality control for experimental analysis. In general, organic contaminants are less likely to be "adsorbed" by purification media (Figure 3) than ionic contaminants, and are more susceptible to break-through. Therefore, it is impossible to know whether the organic content in the water is increased, whether it changes or is too high, simply by the resistivity value (conductivity).
The TOC value can be used to detect early warning of organic matter contamination, thus avoiding the use of pure water with excessive organic content. Other advantages include:
Compliance with regulatory standards (USP, BP, GLP)
Quality control of reagents and liquid products
Find the most appropriate analytical method (limit of determination, retention time, life of the purification column)
Solve problems with analytical methods
Online TOC measurement provides the necessary monitoring and maintenance methods for ultrapure water systems. Using TOC measurement technology, the laboratory can have better control methods when performing analysis with high sensitivity to organic matter.
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