Intensive breeding techniques for ornamental fish
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The ornamental fish market is currently very promising, and traditional fish ponds can be easily adapted for the cultivation of ornamental goldfish. With proper management, the survival rate of the fish can exceed 90%. Each mu of water can raise large-sized goldfish over 12 centimeters in length, with an annual output that can reach up to three times. Ornamental fish farming is an emerging industry with great development potential.
To start raising ornamental goldfish, pond dredging is essential. If you plan to view them in the spring of the following year, remove some of the silt after harvesting in autumn and winter, leaving only a 20 cm layer. Then, build and reinforce the pond structure, and install plastic window screens around the perimeter to create a 1-meter-high barrier. This helps prevent frogs, rats, and snakes from entering. The aquaculture area should be between 1 to 2 mu, with a water depth of about 1 meter. The soil should be loamy, which retains water well, and the water source must be clean—such as river water, well water, or reservoir water.
Two months before introducing fry, apply 50 to 80 kg of quicklime per acre to disinfect the entire pond. After the fry are disinfected, two weeks before stocking, add 100 to 150 kg of fermented manure (from pigs, cattle, and chickens) per acre as a base fertilizer. This promotes plankton growth, providing natural food for the fish. When stocking fry, it's crucial to control density. For young fry (1.5 to 2 cm), the density should be 40,000 to 60,000 per mu. For larger commercial fish over 12 cm, first-generation fry (5 to 6 cm) should be used at a density of about 10,000 per mu.
Daily management is key. In the early stage, use fresh fish caught from natural waters as feed. As the fish grow, switch to artificial feeds like fish meal, soybean cake, and bran. In the later stages, increase nutritional content to strengthen the fish’s health. Feed four times a day, placing feeding points every 2 to 3 meters around the pond. The daily feeding amount should be approximately 3% of the fish’s body weight.
Water quality management is also important. Initially, keep the water shallow at 50 cm since the fry are small and not suited for deep water. As the fish grow and temperatures rise, gradually add 5 to 10 cm of water each time. By mid-summer, the water depth should reach 1 meter to help the goldfish avoid heat and prevent diseases like tail rot. In the fall, lower the water level slightly to maintain warmer temperatures and extend the growth period.
Lastly, pest control is critical. Goldfish are vulnerable to various predators such as loaches, frogs, snakes, rats, and birds. Regular patrols in the morning and evening are necessary to prevent losses due to negligence. With careful planning and consistent care, ornamental goldfish farming can be both profitable and rewarding.