Prevention of Grape Cracking "Seven Characters"

To ensure uniform moisture supply during the early growth stage of grapes, it's important to maintain consistent soil humidity. If the soil becomes dry during this period and then suddenly experiences heavy rain or flooding, the rapid increase in moisture can cause the fruit to absorb too much water. At this point, the sugar content in the grapes is rising, increasing the osmotic pressure inside the fruit. This makes the berries more prone to cracking as they expand quickly. To prevent this, regular irrigation should be applied when the soil is dry, and drainage should be done promptly after rainfall. By maintaining a balanced moisture level throughout the growing season, the risk of fruit cracking can be significantly reduced. Pruning techniques are also essential for managing grape growth. Removing excess shoots and tips helps regulate the size and development of the fruit clusters, preventing overgrowth that could lead to stress on the plant. Proper pruning ensures that the vine’s energy is directed toward producing high-quality fruit rather than excessive foliage. Thinning the fruit load by removing some clusters helps maintain an optimal leaf-to-fruit ratio, ideally between 15:1 and 20:1. Strong branches should carry about two clusters, medium branches one, and weak ones none. Before flowering, some spikelets can be removed to keep the clusters loose and avoid overcrowding, which can lead to fruit damage and cracking. Spraying plant growth regulators such as calcium chloride (0.2%) or calcium hydroxide (5000 times diluted) along with amino acid calcium before harvest can help reduce cracking. During hot periods, misting the vines with water can lower temperatures and protect the fruit from heat stress. In dry conditions later in the season, it's best to use minimal irrigation and avoid flood watering to prevent sudden moisture fluctuations. Weather conditions play a significant role in fruit cracking. Strong winds or extreme heat during the early fruit development stage can cause stress and lead to cracks. In such cases, pre-irrigation or misting before high temperatures arrive can help cool the plants and reduce the risk of damage. The use of plant growth regulators, such as ethephon and abscisic acid, can help control ripening and improve fruit quality. However, these must be used carefully. Ethephon should be applied at a concentration of 500 mg/kg, and abscisic acid at 100 mg/kg, only when 5–10% of the fruit has started to color. Improper timing or concentration can lead to cell expansion and increased cracking. Finally, pest and disease prevention is crucial. Monitoring for potential threats and applying appropriate pesticides at the right time can protect the crop. For example, 50% carbendazim WP diluted 800 times, M-45 at 800 times, and thiophanate-methyl at 1000 times can help manage fungal diseases. Spider mites can be controlled with 2500 times diluted acaricides, while locusts may require 3000 times diluted insecticides. Early intervention is key to keeping the vines healthy and reducing the chances of fruit damage.

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