Porcupine feeding and management during various growth periods

7 Feeding Management 7.1 Feed The diet of porcupines primarily consists of cereals and fruits, with protein-rich feeds such as fish meal and soybean meal added according to the specific growth stage and nutritional requirements. The feed should be carefully formulated to meet the varying nutritional needs during different life stages, including growth, reproduction, and lactation. Nutritional requirements for porcupines are detailed in Appendix A, while sample diets are provided in Appendix B. All feed must meet the hygiene standards outlined in GB13078-2001 to ensure safety and quality. 7.2 Feeding Feed should be mixed thoroughly before being distributed evenly to ensure balanced nutrition. Fruits and vegetables are typically offered in the morning. Before feeding, all equipment should be washed and disinfected to maintain cleanliness. 7.2.1 Feeding Management During Estrus Breeding Period Artificially raised porcupines can mate throughout the year, but estrus is more active in spring and autumn. During this time, their activity levels increase, and they require more food. A single male is usually paired with 2–3 females. Food consumption rises significantly, so it's important to monitor their intake daily. Keepers should observe and record feeding behavior, manage the environment carefully, and prevent aggressive interactions. Adjust feed amounts based on eating patterns, and increase fruit and vegetable portions. Ensure proper ventilation during hot weather to avoid heat stress. In some cases, aphrodisiac supplements may be used to improve breeding success. 7.2.2 Feeding Management During Pregnancy After mating, porcupines often become less active. It’s crucial to keep their environment calm and minimize disturbances. As their appetite increases, feed portions should be adjusted accordingly. Avoid leaving leftovers from the previous day, and increase fruit and vegetable intake. The gestation period lasts approximately 90–100 days. During the final stages, porcupines may show signs such as increased movement, frequent urination, and a sudden loss of appetite. Close monitoring is essential during this time. After giving birth, keep the area quiet and avoid cleaning for two days to reduce stress. 7.2.3 Feeding and Management During Lactation The lactation period typically lasts around 40 days. In addition to regular feed, fruits and vegetables should be included to support milk production. By 20–30 days old, young porcupines begin to eat their mother’s food, and their digestive system gradually develops. At this stage, timely feeding and regular checks are necessary. By 35–40 days, their eating habits are established, and they can be weaned to live independently. 7.2.4 Feeding Management During the Growing Phase Newborn porcupines are easily startled and have limited food intake, usually around 100g per day. For the first seven days after birth, extra attention should be given, and small amounts of fruits and vegetables should be added to their diet. By day 10, they start adapting to their environment, and their food intake increases. Gradually increase feed quantities while ensuring that no more than 5% of the food remains each morning. After 90 days of age, porcupines enter a rapid growth phase, with increased metabolism and weight gain of about 1.5–2 kg per month. Adjust feeding amounts accordingly to support their development.

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