Porcupine feeding and management during various growth periods
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7 Feeding Management
7.1 Feed
The diet of porcupines primarily consists of cereals and fruits, with protein sources such as fish meal and soybean meal added according to the specific growth stage and nutritional needs. The feed should be formulated based on the varying nutritional requirements at different ages, feeding stages, and physiological conditions. Nutritional guidelines are detailed in Appendix A, while specific dietary recommendations can be found in Appendix B. All feed must meet the hygiene standards outlined in GB 13078-2001 to ensure safety and quality.
7.2 Feeding
Feeds should be thoroughly mixed before being distributed evenly to ensure balanced nutrition. Fruits and vegetables are typically offered in the morning to align with natural feeding patterns. Before each feeding, the feeding area should be cleaned and disinfected to maintain hygiene.
7.2.1 Feeding Management During Estrus Breeding Period
Artificially raised porcupines can mate throughout the year, but their estrus is more active during spring and autumn. During this time, their activity levels increase, and they consume more food. It is common to pair one male with two to three females. Keepers should monitor daily feeding behavior, record observations, and manage the environment carefully to prevent aggression or fighting. Adjustments in feed quantity should be made based on eating habits, with an increase in fruits and vegetables to support energy needs. Ensure proper ventilation during hot weather to avoid heat stress. In some cases, aphrodisiac supplements may be used under supervision to improve breeding success.
7.2.2 Feeding Management During Pregnancy
After mating, porcupines usually become less active. Observations should be conducted regularly, and the enclosure should remain calm to reduce stress. As the pregnancy progresses, their food intake increases, so the feed amount should be adjusted accordingly. Avoid leaving leftovers from the previous day, and increase fruit and vegetable portions for better nutrition. During the late gestation period, signs such as increased movement, reduced urination, and sudden loss of appetite should be closely monitored. After giving birth, keep the area quiet and avoid disturbing the mother for at least two days to ensure a safe recovery.
7.2.3 Feeding and Management During Lactation
The lactation period typically lasts around 40 days. In addition to regular feed, extra fruits and vegetables should be provided to support milk production. By 20–30 days of age, young porcupines begin to nibble on their mother’s food, which helps develop their digestive system and accelerates growth. At this stage, frequent monitoring is essential to ensure they receive enough nutrition. By 35–40 days, their feeding habits are well-established, and they can be weaned to live independently.
7.2.4 Feeding Management During the Growing Period
Newborn porcupines are sensitive and may eat very little, usually around 100g per day. For the first seven days after birth, close observation is necessary, and additional fruits and vegetables should be provided if needed. After about ten days, they start adapting to their environment, and their appetite increases. Gradually increase feed amounts while ensuring that no more than 5% of the food remains uneaten each morning. By 90 days of age, they enter a rapid growth phase, with significant weight gain—approximately 1.5 to 2 kg per month. Adjust feeding quantities accordingly to meet their increasing energy demands.