Post-disaster Crop Disease Prevention and Control Technology

Since July, the province has been hit by heavy rainfall along the Huaihe River, the northern part of the Huai, the Jianghuai region, and most areas of the Yangtze River. The affected crop area has reached 12.43 million mu, with over 2 million mu already harvested. In response to the current situation of crop damage, the following recommendations are provided on the main pest control technologies following the disaster. **I. Pest Control Techniques for Rice** Based on historical experience, in areas that typically receive heavy rainfall, the occurrence of migratory pests such as rice planthoppers and leaf rollers tends to increase after disasters. Additionally, wind and rain can cause physical injuries to rice plants, especially in seedlings that have been submerged for long periods, which creates ideal conditions for the development of bacterial blight caused by *Xanthomonas oryzae*. Furthermore, after flooding, the stress resistance of rice plants decreases, increasing their vulnerability to pests and diseases. Therefore, in the short term and in the coming period, special attention should be given to the prevention and control of the following rice pests and diseases: First, for flooded rice seedlings, it is recommended to spray immediately with 60 grams of 20% imidacloprid mixed in 40 kg of water to control rice planthoppers and leaf rollers. For instance, if there are 100 planthoppers per 10 stems or 10 new leaf rollers per 10 stems, adding 10% Diflubenzuron or 20 grams of lotus root extract, plus 63.1% Chlorfenapyr or 55% Emamectin benzoate (60 grams) or 20.5% Buprofezin (70 ml) can enhance the effectiveness of the treatment. Second, during the tillering stage, a comprehensive approach should be taken to manage diseases like rice panicle blast (especially in glutinous and japonica rice along the Huaihe River), rice smut, rice stem borers, planthoppers, and leaf rollers. **Pesticide Options:** - Use 75% Tricyclazole to prevent rice panicle blast. - Apply 20% Triadimefon to control rice smut and other heading diseases. - For planthoppers, use 10% Diflubenzuron, Jingjing, or 20–25% Acephate. - For leaf rollers, apply 40% Chlorpyrifos (48% formulation). Farmers are advised to follow local plant protection station reports and work under the guidance of technicians to ensure timely application of appropriate mixtures and achieve effective control in one go. **II. Pest Control Technology for Cotton** Currently, cotton is in the budding stage. If flooded, yields may be significantly reduced or even lost. Based on the analysis of this year’s pest situation in the province, the main pests affecting cotton include cotton aphids, bollworms in certain areas, thrips, and grasshoppers near rivers. Additionally, *Spodoptera litura* may appear later in August in flooded areas. **Control Methods:** 1. **Cotton Aphid Control:** For fields with an infestation rate exceeding 5%, apply 30g of 20% Buprofezin or 57% Bismuth per acre mixed in 50kg of water. Re-treatment is needed after 7 days if necessary. 2. **Bollworm Control:** Due to the widespread planting of insect-resistant cotton, *Helicoverpa armigera* populations have declined. However, some areas have seen increased damage, particularly in non-resistant cotton or from unknown sources of "false resistant" seeds. Control methods: Use 50ml of 4.5% Lambda-cyhalothrin or 30ml of 2.5% Diflubenzuron per acre, sprayed evenly in 50kg of water. Before and after August 15, apply 40ml of 2.5% Deltamethrin or 40ml of 48% Chlorpyrifos per acre, mixed in 60kg of water. **III. Other Major Pest Control Techniques** Other pests include corn borers, peanut aphids, *Spodoptera litura*, and *Spodoptera exigua*. 1. **Corn Borer Control:** Mix 150g of 90% insecticide with 10kg of fine soil and apply it directly into the corn whorl. 2. **Peanut Aphid Control:** Use 40ml of 40% Chlorpyrifos EC or 48ml of 48% LS per mu, mixed in 120kg of water. Apply using a manual sprayer without nozzles, targeting the base of the peanut plants. Alternatively, mix 30kg of fine sand with the pesticide and sprinkle evenly. 3. **Control of *Spodoptera litura* and *Spodoptera exigua*:** These pests often increase after floods, especially in replanted crops like mung beans and corn. Apply 100ml of 40% Chlorpyrifos or 80ml of 48% Chlorpyrifos per acre, mixed in 50kg of water. Early morning or late afternoon inspections can help remove eggs or newly hatched larvae manually, reducing the need for chemical treatments. For *Spodoptera exigua*, increase the dosage or use bio-pesticides like Diqing, Meixu, or Citaibao to control larvae. **IV. Application Techniques** Use 667m² per acre as the standard dosage. For each mu, apply 40–50kg of water. Focus on infected and damaged areas, especially deep water zones for rice borers and planthoppers. Spray between 4pm and 6pm to maximize effectiveness and reduce health risks from high-temperature exposure. **V. Pesticide Safety** Farmers must avoid using banned or highly toxic pesticides. Wear long-sleeved clothing and trousers, and take safety precautions. After spraying, wash hands and face thoroughly before eating or drinking. Always use clean water and follow proper disposal procedures.

Upper Limb External Fixation

The wrist joint external fixation fully considers the physiological characteristics of the wrist joint and the structural stability of the biomechanics, so that the metacarpophalangeal joint can be completely bent freely, and the tendons and ligaments of the fingers and wrists can be relatively relaxed. Moreover, the insertion method, length and stress of the bone traction needle are also considered, and the overall force of the bone traction needle is relatively uniform.

The ulna radius external fixator fractures is relatively simple, generally unilateral fixation, or simple combination fixation, generally should not fix the upper and lower radioulnar joints. Radial external fixation stenting has a good effect on the treatment of fracture. Premature removal after surgery is not appropriate, which is easy to cause dislocation and affect fracture healing. Functional exercise can be carried out gradually after four weeks of plaster external fixation, when the wrist joint function should gradually return to normal.

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