Zucchini winter and spring cultivation techniques
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To ensure a successful winter and spring squash cultivation, it's essential to follow a well-structured planting process. First, selecting the right varieties is crucial. Opt for early-maturing types such as mosaic pumpkin, golden coral, and hybrid varieties that are known for their resilience and high yield during colder seasons.
Next, start with timely seedling production in a greenhouse. Sow seeds in late November or early December, either directly in the seedbed or using nutrient-rich seedlings. Allow the seedlings to grow for about 25 to 30 days before transplanting.
When preparing the soil for planting, keep in mind that the growth period of winter and spring squash is relatively short. Therefore, the amount of base fertilizer should be less than what is used for overwintering crops. Apply 5 to 8 cubic meters of well-decomposed farmyard manure per 667 square meters, along with 50 to 70 kg of superphosphate. Mix everything thoroughly to ensure even distribution.
For planting, use a raised bed system with ridges that are 80 cm wide and spaced 55 to 60 cm apart. The smaller ridges should be 30 cm wide and 25 cm high, with a 25 cm walkway between them. Plant each seedling 45 cm apart on the ridges. Water each hole before planting and then cover it immediately. When transplanting, water each plant individually to avoid lowering the soil temperature too much.
After planting, focus on maintaining optimal temperatures in the solar greenhouse. Before planting, warm up the greenhouse to encourage healthy seedling growth. Loosen the soil regularly to promote strong root development and support fruiting. After 5 to 7 days, limit air circulation at night and use small arches to retain heat. During the day, maintain temperatures between 25 to 30°C, and up to 32°C if possible. At night, keep temperatures above 15 to 18°C. Once the seedlings have acclimated, gradually reduce the temperature to 22 to 25°C during the day and 15°C at night.
After the seedlings have adjusted, perform soil cultivation 3 to 4 times, every 3 to 4 days. Cultivate to a depth of about 10 cm, being careful not to damage the earthworms present in the soil from previous planting activities.
Artificial pollination is important for zucchini. Pollinate female flowers manually and apply a solution of 2,4-D to the fruit. After this, you can stop covering the plants with small arches at night.
Water management is key. Begin watering when the roots start growing, around 6 to 10 cm in length. Water only when the soil dries out. Harvest when the fruits weigh approximately 0.25 kg. Throughout the growing season, ensure proper fertilization and irrigation while controlling temperature to promote fruit development.
For top dressing, alternate between organic and chemical fertilizers. Use composted manure or cake fertilizer diluted in water, alternating with clean water. Apply 20 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per 667 square meters each time.
As the harvest approaches, reduce top dressing and watering. Keep the soil slightly dry. In the final stages, spray with an 800-times dilution of a suitable pesticide to protect the crop.
Finally, manage the temperature carefully: keep daytime temperatures between 25 to 28°C and nighttime temperatures between 15 to 18°C. Adjust ventilation based on the temperature to maintain a stable environment for the plants.