Zucchini winter and spring cultivation techniques
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To ensure a successful cultivation of winter and spring squash, it's essential to follow a well-structured planting process. First, selecting the right variety is crucial. Opt for early maturing types such as mosaic pumpkin, regular pumpkin, or hybrid varieties like gold coral. These varieties are known for their adaptability and high yield in different conditions.
Next, start seedlings in a greenhouse. It’s best to begin sowing in late November or early December. You can either directly plant seeds in the seedbed or use nutrient-rich seedling trays. The ideal age for transplanting is between 25 to 30 days, ensuring strong and healthy seedlings.
When preparing the soil for planting, consider that the growing period for winter and spring squash is relatively short. Therefore, the amount of base fertilizer should be less than what is used for overwintering crops. Apply 5 to 8 cubic meters of well-decomposed farmyard manure per 667 square meters, along with 50 to 70 kg of superphosphate. Mix these thoroughly into the soil to create a fertile environment for growth.
For planting, use a raised bed system. Create beds that are 80 cm wide, spaced 55 to 60 cm apart. Construct low ridges that are 30 cm wide and 25 cm high, with a 25 cm walkway between each bed. Plant seedlings on the ridges, spacing them 45 cm apart. Water each hole before planting, then cover the hole to retain moisture. When transplanting, water each seedling individually to avoid lowering the ground temperature due to excessive watering.
After planting, focus on maintaining the temperature inside the solar greenhouse. Before planting, raise the temperature to promote seedling growth. Loosen the soil regularly to encourage deep root development and support fruit production. After 5 to 7 days, avoid letting cold air in and use small arches at night to maintain warmth. During the day, keep the temperature between 25 to 30°C, even up to 32°C if possible. At night, ensure the temperature stays above 15 to 18°C. Once the seedlings have acclimated, reduce the temperature slightly, keeping it around 22 to 25°C during the day and 15°C at night.
Once the seedlings are established, continue cultivating the soil every 3 to 4 days for 3 to 4 times. Cultivate to a depth of about 10 cm, being careful not to damage the earthworms introduced during planting.
Artificial pollination is also important. Pollinate female flowers manually and apply 2,4-D to the fruit to enhance growth. After this, stop using the small arches at night.
Water management is critical. Start watering when the roots begin to grow, typically when the fruit reaches 6 to 10 cm in length. Water only when the soil feels dry. Harvest the fruit when it weighs approximately 0.25 kg. Throughout the growing season, ensure consistent fertilization and irrigation while managing temperatures to control growth and encourage fruit development.
For top-dressing, alternate between organic and chemical fertilizers. Use compost tea or cake fertilizer mixed with clean water. Apply 20 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per 667 square meters each time.
As the plants mature, spray a 800-times diluted solution to improve fruit quality. Reduce the frequency of top-dressing and watering as the harvest approaches, and keep the soil slightly dry.
Finally, maintain proper temperature control. Keep daytime temperatures between 25 to 28°C and nighttime temperatures between 15 to 18°C. Adjust ventilation based on the weather to ensure optimal growing conditions.