High-quality mutton sheep breeding management technology

1. Moderate-Scale Sheep Farming Like any other industry, sheep farming should also aim for economies of scale. The appropriate size of a meat goat farm depends on several factors, including investment capacity, market prices, available grazing land, feeding and management conditions, and the balance between public and private operations. When using natural mating, the ratio of rams to breeding ewes is typically 1:25, and an ideal flock size ranges from 40 to 50 goats. This helps maintain efficiency while ensuring manageable animal care. 2. Group Management Practices In addition to breeding and production, traditional sheep farming often involves self-cultivation. However, due to different purposes—breeding sheep versus lambs—it's important to raise them in separate groups or individually. Breeding sheep require more extensive care, focusing on maintaining their body condition, timely breeding, preventing missed estrus or abortions, and providing proper nutrition during breeding and gestation periods. For lambs, the emphasis is on continuous access to nutritious feed, warmth, and disease prevention throughout their growth. 3. Construction of Sheep Sheds Off-site sheep sheds offer advantages such as better drying, ventilation, and easier waste removal. These structures are widely used in areas like Jiangnan, where high humidity and frequent rain make traditional housing less effective. However, it's crucial to protect sheep from cold weather during winter to ensure the healthy development of lambs and avoid losses in meat quality. 4. Cultivation of High-Quality Pasture Grass is the primary feed for goats, and providing high-quality, palatable forage is essential for successful goat farming. Farmers in Yangzhou can grow high-yield forages like ryegrass, winter wheat fields, hillside grasslands, and economic forests. They can also intercrop ryegrass with forage maize and bamboo, along with by-products like soybean straw, peanut vines, and sweet potato leaves. These materials help provide a consistent supply of green feed year-round, reducing feeding costs and improving productivity. 5. Fattening Lambs Efficiently The goal of lamb fattening is to maximize daily weight gain and feed efficiency. Traditional grazing methods often cause lambs to lose energy, leading to lower feed conversion rates and longer finishing periods. To address this, farmers should adopt managed feeding and fattening systems. By ensuring adequate green feed or hay and supplementing with minerals and concentrates, they can improve performance. Goat mineral blocks can be hung in pens for free-choice consumption, while concentrates made from corn and soybean meal can boost growth. Fattening lambs in confined spaces can shorten the finishing period by 1–2 months compared to grazing. 6. Optimal Slaughter Weight The decision to slaughter goats should be based on performance indicators like daily weight gain, feed efficiency, slaughter rate, and market demand. If goats are slaughtered too early, their full growth potential is not realized, resulting in less meat. Conversely, overfeeding can lead to reduced feed efficiency and higher costs. For most breeds and crossbreds, the ideal slaughter age is between 6 and 8 months, balancing meat yield and feed utilization. 7. Disease Prevention and Vaccination Disease control remains a critical challenge in goat farming. In addition to maintaining cleanliness and warmth, regular disinfection, vaccination, and parasite control are key strategies. Farmers should disinfect barns and pastures monthly using disinfectants like iodine-based solutions, bleach, or caustic soda, alternating types for better effectiveness. Vaccinations against diseases like clostridial infections, foot-and-mouth disease, and contagious pleuropneumonia should be administered in spring and autumn. Deworming in both spring and autumn is also essential to prevent internal parasites.

Urine Analyzer

Urine analyzer is an automated instrument for determining certain chemical components in urine. It is an important tool for automated urine inspection in medical laboratories. This instrument has the advantages of simple and fast operation. However, improper use of urine analyzers and many intermediate links and influencing factors directly affect the accuracy of automated analysis results, which will not only cause errors in experimental results, but even delay diagnosis. Therefore, operators are required to understand the principles, performance and precautions of automated instruments. And the knowledge of influencing factors and other aspects are fully understood, and the correct use of automated instruments can make the results obtained by the urine analyzer more reliable and accurate.
application
In the 1950s, a single dry chemical test strip method was used to measure protein and glucose in urine, and the changes in the color of the test strip were observed with the naked eye and compared with the standard plate to obtain the corresponding values. In the 1980s, due to the high development and widespread use of computer technology, automated urine analyzers also developed rapidly, gradually developing from semi-automatic to fully-automated. Urine analyzers are often divided into two categories according to the test items: â‘  8-11 screening combined urine test strips mainly used for newly diagnosed patients and health examinations. The eight test items included protein, glucose, PH, ketone bodies, bilirubin, urobilinogen, red blood cells (occult blood) and nitrite; in addition to the above eight tests, urine leukocyte test was added to the nine test items. On the basis of 9 of the 10 urine analyzer testing items, the urine specific density test was added. 11 testing items have added vitamin C testing. â‘¡It is mainly used for the observation of the curative effect of the diagnosed diseases, such as the combination test strip of PH, protein and occult blood (red blood cells) for kidney disease; the combination test strip of PH, sugar and ketone body for diabetes; the combination of bilirubin and urobilinogen for liver disease test tape.
principle
This type of instrument is generally controlled by a microcomputer, and the color change on the test strip is measured semi-quantitatively by using a spherical integrator to receive dual-wavelength reflected light. There are several reagent pads containing various reagents on the reagent strip, each of which reacts independently with the corresponding components in the urine, and displays different colors. The depth of the color is proportional to a certain component in the urine, and there is another in the reagent strip" Compensation pad", as the urine background color, compensates for the errors caused by colored urine and instrument changes.
Put the reagent strip with urine adsorbed in the colorimetric tank of the instrument, and the various reagent pads that have produced chemical reactions on the reagent strip are illuminated by the light source, and the reflected light is received by the spherical analyzer, and the photocell of the spherical analyzer is reflected. Irradiate with dual-wavelength light (measurement light passing through the filter and a reference light), and the selection of each wavelength is determined by the detection item.
The instrument automatically calculates the reflectance according to the following formula, and then compares it with the standard curve, and automatically finds and prints the corresponding results of various components. If the content of a certain component in the urine is high, the reflected light of the corresponding reagent pad is dark, otherwise it is strong.
Reflectance fraction: R(%)=Tm.Cs/TsCm×100%
In the formula, R(%) is the reflectivity; Tm is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the measurement wavelength; Ts is the reflection intensity of the reagent pad to the reference wavelength; Cm is the reflection intensity of the calibration pad to the measurement defect length; Cs is the calibration pair. Reflection intensity at the reference wavelength.

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