Spring cabbage cultivation techniques
Xuzhou Xinbaisheng Protective Equipnent Co., Ltd. , https://www.xinparkson.com
With the continuous improvement in living standards and changes in agricultural practices, the cultivation of spring cabbage has expanded from the Yangtze River region to northern areas and even high-altitude alpine zones. This large-scale production has brought both opportunities and challenges. However, when planting is not properly managed, a common issue—premature bolting—can occur, which significantly reduces the quality and market value of the crop. This problem not only affects the economic returns for farmers but also disrupts market stability. To address this, it's essential to understand the causes of bolting and implement effective prevention strategies.
Cabbage is a vernalization-dependent vegetable, meaning that it requires exposure to low temperatures during its early growth stages to transition into the reproductive phase. The vernalization process typically begins after germination, with the seedling and rosette stages being most sensitive to cold. Cabbage has a relatively weak vernalization requirement, usually completing the process within 10–15 days at temperatures between 2–10°C. Below 2°C, the process slows down due to reduced cell division, but the effect is cumulative, so intermittent cold is sufficient. Once vernalized, exposure to long daylight hours (14–20 hours) and temperatures around 18–20°C can trigger rapid flowering, leading to loss of commercial value.
Different cabbage varieties exhibit varying levels of sensitivity to vernalization. Some varieties are more resistant to low temperatures and less likely to bolt, while others are highly sensitive and prone to premature flowering. Choosing the right variety is therefore crucial for successful cultivation.
Climate conditions also play a significant role. In regions like the Yangtze River valley and northern spring areas, early-season temperatures often fluctuate between cold and warm, creating ideal conditions for vernalization. Unstable weather, such as late frosts or sudden temperature spikes, can cause seedlings to go through vernalization too quickly, leading to uncontrolled bolting when they are exposed to higher temperatures and longer daylight.
Sowing time is another critical factor. If sown too early, seedlings may be exposed to prolonged cold, increasing the risk of bolting. On the other hand, sowing too late can delay maturity and reduce yield. Finding the optimal sowing window is essential for balanced growth.
In addition, improper temperature management in protected cultivation systems can lead to problems. If heating is delayed or the environment is poorly insulated, seedlings may experience extended periods of low temperatures, triggering early bolting.
To prevent these issues, several measures can be taken. First, select high-quality spring varieties that are resistant to cold, bolting, and have strong winter hardiness. Second, determine the appropriate sowing date based on local climate conditions to avoid extreme temperature fluctuations. Third, ensure proper temperature control in greenhouses or protected areas, maintaining a minimum temperature of 13°C during the seedling stage. Finally, improve overall field management by using mulching, irrigation, and fertilization techniques to promote healthy growth and minimize the risk of premature bolting. By implementing these strategies, farmers can significantly reduce losses and enhance the profitability of their spring cabbage crops.