Overwinter lettuce cultivation technology
1. Choose the right varieties that are cold-resistant, high-yielding, and late-stemming, such as cold-resistant white skin, cold-resistant white leaf tip, white-leaf lettuce, and buckwheat lettuce. These varieties are well-suited for winter cultivation and can withstand lower temperatures without compromising yield or quality. 2. Sow seedlings from October to November, depending on your growing conditions. If you're using large greenhouses, you can extend sowing until early December. After October, the weather becomes cooler, which is ideal for sprouting and seedling growth. Avoid covering the seedlings with shade nets or other materials during this period, as it helps keep them cool and moist, making management easier compared to summer or autumn lettuce. Depending on your needs, you can sow in batches at different stages. There's no need for low-temperature germination; you can either sow dry seeds or pre-soaked seeds. Select a loamy soil that is well-drained, fertile, and located in a sunny, sheltered area. After screening and compacting the soil, water it thoroughly. Once the soil has settled, loosen the top layer and sow the seeds. The base fertilizer should be applied in moderation to encourage hardening of the seedlings and improve their cold resistance. 3. Site preparation includes selecting an appropriate location, fertilizing properly, and planning crop rotation. Soil preparation is similar to that used for autumn lettuce. Many open fields are used for growing crops like autumn buds, autumn cabbages, or even autumn lettuce. You can also use greenhouses from November to March to grow winter lettuce. The spacing between plants should be slightly wider than that for autumn lettuce—about 30–40 cm between rows and 30–35 cm between plants, resulting in 4,000–5,000 plants per 666.7 m². The seedlings should not be older than 45 days. Mulching is recommended for both open fields and greenhouses, as it promotes growth and improves marketability. 4. Field management involves applying 1–2 rounds of liquid manure after the seedlings have established themselves. If the plants are grown in a leap year, it's important to harden off the seedlings before winter to ensure strong, resilient plants. Avoid excessive fertilizer during the seedling stage, as this can cause tender growth and reduce cold tolerance. A "winter fertilizer" can be applied just before the first frost to help protect the plants. As spring temperatures rise, remove weeds and perform light tilling. Gradually increase the concentration of topdressing. When the stems start to thicken, reduce the frequency and concentration of fertilization to prevent the stems from becoming hollow. In mulched or greenhouse systems, apply sufficient base fertilizer but avoid over-fertilizing. Greenhouse growers should pay close attention to ventilation and manage diseases like downy mildew promptly. 5. Harvest according to market demand, ensuring that the leaves are fully developed and flush with the outer leaves or just beginning to form a bud. Delaying harvest can lead to hollow stems and a decline in quality. Timely harvesting ensures the best flavor and texture for consumers.
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