Overwinter lettuce cultivation technology
1. Choose suitable varieties that are cold-resistant, high-yielding, and have a late stemming period, such as cold-resistant white-skinned lettuce, cold-resistant white-leaf-tipped varieties, white-leaf types, and buckwheat-leaf lettuce. These varieties are well-suited for winter cultivation and can withstand lower temperatures without compromising yield or quality. 2. Sowing typically takes place between October and November. If seedlings are to be transplanted into large greenhouses, sowing can be extended until early December. Once October begins, the cooler climate is ideal for germination and seedling growth. During this period, there's no need to cover the seedlings with shade nets or other materials, as natural cooling and moisture levels are sufficient. This makes management easier compared to summer and autumn lettuce production. Depending on your growing goals, you can sow in batches over time. There's no need for low-temperature germination; both dry and wet seeding methods are effective. Select loamy soil that drains well, is fertile, and receives ample sunlight. After sieving and compacting the soil, water it thoroughly. Once the soil has settled, loosen the top layer before sowing. The base fertilizer for winter seedbeds should be applied sparingly, as too much can hinder seedling hardening and reduce cold tolerance. 3. Site preparation involves selecting the right location, proper fertilization, and crop rotation. Soil preparation is similar to that used for autumn lettuce. Many open fields are used for growing autumn buds, autumn cabbages, or even autumn lettuce. Winter lettuce can also be grown in greenhouses from November to March. Plant spacing should be slightly wider than that of autumn lettuce—around 30–40 cm between rows and 30–35 cm between plants, resulting in approximately 4,000–5,000 plants per 666.7 m². Seedlings should not be older than 45 days. Mulching is recommended for both open areas and greenhouses, as it helps promote growth and improves marketability. 4. Field management during the overwintering period usually involves applying 1–2 doses of manure water after the plants have survived. If the adult plants are to be harvested in the following year, it’s important to harden off the seedlings before winter to ensure strong growth. Avoid using excessive fertilizer during the seedling stage, as this can make the plants too tender and reduce their cold resistance. A "winter protection" fertilizer can be applied just before the first frost to help the plants withstand harsh conditions. As temperatures rise in late spring, remove weeds and perform shallow cultivation. Gradually increase the concentration of topdressing. When the stems begin to swell, reduce the frequency and concentration of fertilization to prevent the fleshy stems from bursting. In mulched or greenhouse systems, apply enough base fertilizer but avoid over-fertilizing. Greenhouse growers must pay close attention to ventilation and monitor for downy mildew, which can quickly spread in humid conditions. 5. Harvesting should be done in batches according to market demand. It’s essential to harvest when the leaves are fully developed and flush with the outer leaves, or just at the bud stage. Delaying harvest can cause the fleshy stems to become hollow, reducing overall quality and market value.
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