Pollution-free walnut technology cultivation points

(Hebei Green Ridge Fruit Co., Ltd. Jia Zhihua 054300)

Site Selection

For non-polluted peach cultivation, it's essential to choose land with good ecological conditions that are not affected by pollution sources. The air quality, irrigation water, and soil must meet the standards for producing pollution-free agricultural products.

Peach trees are adaptable and can be grown in various regions, including southern and northern areas, flatlands, mountains, slopes, and floodplains. They prefer well-drained sandy loam or loess soils with a pH range of 6 to 8.2. These conditions help ensure healthy growth and high yields.

Planting

The spacing between peach trees depends on their growth habits, management practices, and tree shape. Naturally happy-shaped trees typically require a row spacing of 3 to 4 meters, allowing about 55 trees per acre. Some varieties need pollination trees, which should be planted at a rate of 10% to 20% among the main variety.

Soil preparation involves digging holes according to a fixed layout. Topsoil and subsoil should be separated, and when filling, mix the topsoil with organic fertilizer. Plant seedlings carefully, ensuring they are placed at the same depth as they were in the nursery. After planting, add mulch and create a 50cm-high mound around the base to improve drainage and protect the roots.

Fertilizer Management

Peach trees are sensitive to fertilizers, especially nitrogen, which can promote excessive shoot growth and increase fruit drop. It is best to use balanced or low chemical fertilizers. Apply nitrogen before bud break, and combine it with potassium and phosphorus later in the season. Early-maturing varieties may benefit from more nitrogen applied early, while late-maturing types require careful balance.

During the pre-harvest period, apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at different stages. For example, after harvest, apply 25 kg of organic fertilizer per acre. During flowering, use 1 kg of urea per plant, and during the hard-nucleus stage, apply 0.5 kg of urea and 1 kg of wood ash. Proper irrigation is also important—avoid overwatering before blooming to help raise spring temperatures, and irrigate during the hard-nucleus stage and fruit coloring phase.

Fruit Management

1. Thinning and Pruning

Fruit thinning helps maintain fruit quality, increase yield, and reduce branch stress. It should begin from the bud stage until flowering, removing small buds, malformed flowers, and weak fruits. When young fruits reach 1 cm in diameter, remove double or triple fruits, leaving only one per cluster. Choose large, round, and healthy fruits to keep, while discarding damaged ones.

2. Fruit Bagging

Bagging should be done after fruit thinning, once the fruit has reached the hardening stage. Late-maturing varieties benefit most from bagging, while early varieties usually do not. Use high-quality bags from reputable suppliers like Shandong Qingdao Jiatian Paper Co., Ltd. Remove leaves that interfere with bag placement and spray pesticides before bagging. Bags should be removed 7 to 10 days before harvest, depending on the type—double-layer bags are removed gradually, while single-layer bags are torn and removed after even coloring.

Pest Control

Main pests include peach leaf curl, brown rot, anthracnose, aphids, and other insects. Control methods involve spraying lime sulfur before disease outbreaks, using black light traps for adult insects, applying chrysanthemum-based pesticides before flowering, and using zinc sulfate to manage leaf diseases. Insecticides are also used to prevent pest spread and protect the orchard from damage.

Pruning

1. Spring Pruning

After new growth reaches 5 to 15 cm, prune to adjust density and balance branch direction. Strong branches can be trained using continuous branching techniques. Pruning focuses on thinning and spreading to control growth, often combined with paclobutrazol and proper watering.

2. Winter Pruning

It is recommended to prune earlier rather than later, starting after the tree becomes deciduous and finishing by the end of December. Early pruning improves cold resistance. The standard shape is the "happy shape," focusing on maintaining structure and adjusting branch density. Techniques include short cuts, thinning, and long release to improve air circulation and light penetration, promoting better fruit development and long-term productivity.

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