Prevention and treatment of sesame leaf blight
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Sesame seedling blight is a widespread disease affecting sesame production across the country. Caused by the fungus *Corynebacterium graminicola*, this disease not only affects sesame seeds but also impacts other leguminous crops like soybeans and mung beans. The disease can lead to significant yield losses and reduced seed quality if not managed properly.
Symptoms of the disease typically appear on young seedlings, with the stems showing signs of wilting. Infected leaves initially develop small brown spots that gradually turn pale brown or may even remain inconspicuous. A key feature is the presence of faint ring-like veins and a brown, moldy layer formed by the pathogen's conidial structures. On the stems, lesions appear as elongated, spindle-shaped or bar-shaped areas with a central depression. In more advanced stages, the lesions may turn reddish-brown or purplish and slightly sunken.
The pathogen overwinters in infected plant residues and on seeds, with mycelium surviving for over two years. Even after one year, conidia from diseased plants can still maintain a significant survival rate. These spores are spread through wind and rain, leading to initial infections and subsequent reinfections. The optimal temperature for bacterial growth is between 27°C and 30°C. High humidity and weak plant growth conditions significantly increase disease severity.
To manage this disease, several control measures can be implemented. First, agricultural practices such as removing diseased plant debris, plowing it into the soil, and avoiding low-lying areas for sesame planting are essential. Using disease-free seeds and improving field management—such as proper spacing, increased organic fertilization, and adequate phosphorus and potassium application—can help strengthen the plants. Ensuring good drainage and reducing field humidity is also crucial.
In terms of chemical control, early intervention is key. Spraying solutions such as 40% carbendazim gel suspension diluted at 700 times, 25% carbendazim wettable powder at 500 times, 70% mancozeb wettable powder at 600 times, or 70% thifluzamide (thiopropham) wettable powder at 700 times can be effective. It is recommended to apply these sprays before the flowering stage and prior to pod formation for best results. Regular monitoring and timely treatment are important to prevent severe outbreaks.