Causes and Prevention of Crop Damage Caused by Crops

Phytotoxicity can cause significant damage to crops, and there are several factors that contribute to this issue. One major reason is the use of pesticides that are not suitable for certain crops. For example, crops like sorghum, corn, and soybeans are particularly sensitive to trichlorfon and dichlorvos. Similarly, pear trees may react badly to dioscoreine and chlorpheniramine, so these chemicals should be avoided in such cases. Another common cause is improper application—using too high a concentration or applying excessive amounts can harm plants. In addition, incorrect techniques or unscientific preparation methods can also lead to injury. Another factor is the timing of pesticide application. Crops at vulnerable stages, such as seedlings, flowering, or young fruit development, are more prone to phytotoxicity, especially when their natural resistance is low. Environmental conditions also play a role. High temperatures, strong sunlight, dry air, and humidity below 50% can increase the risk of injury. Applying pesticides during rain or dew can also lead to adverse effects. Moreover, long-lasting pesticides may cause secondary phytotoxicity, especially when used on crops with overlapping growth structures. For instance, some selective herbicides, like sulfosulfuron, may harm lower plants while being safe for upper ones. Lastly, issues such as poor pesticide quality or misuse can also result in crop damage. To prevent phytotoxicity, it's essential to thoroughly understand the properties of the pesticide, strictly control dosage and concentration, and use the correct application method. Pesticides that are known to be harmful to certain crops should either be banned or used with caution. During sensitive growth stages, such as seedling or flowering, it’s advisable to reduce concentrations or avoid application altogether, especially under harsh weather conditions like heat, drought, or wind. Proper planting arrangements can help minimize cross-contamination between upper and lower crops, reducing the risk of drift and secondary damage. Before using any new pesticide, a small-scale trial should be conducted to assess potential risks. If phytotoxicity does occur, several treatment options are available. Irrigation is an effective way to flush out excess chemicals from the soil. Spraying water on affected plant parts can also help dilute and remove harmful residues. Ensuring adequate watering allows roots to absorb moisture, helping to reduce internal chemical concentration. Antidotes can be applied based on the type of injury. For example, if the damage is caused by growth inhibitors like paclobutrazol or daiminotoluene, spraying gibberellin solutions may help. Fertilizer topdressing, combined with loosening the soil and proper irrigation, can boost root activity and promote recovery. Using soluble fertilizers such as manure, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium nitrate, or urea can support plant health. Foliar sprays, including 0.1% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.2% to 0.3% urea, can provide quick nutrient absorption. Products like Foliar Treasure, Shibaobao, Green Wind 95, Shiji Nongfeng, Multi-Effect Vitality Elements, Huimanfeng, and Fengchanling can also aid in restoring plant growth and vitality.

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