Pest control
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1. Trunk Rot Disease The trunk rot disease is commonly known as rot disease. At the beginning of the disease, the phloem of the neck near the ground became brown. The bark of the diseased part cracked and gradually expanded. It also spread upward to the trunk and the main branch. When it was severe, it spread around the neck and the plant died. There are many occurrences of wet gardens, which are often found on the west side, and are associated with sun exposure. In addition, the joint of the grafted seedlings is also prone to the disease. Pathogens have not been identified. Diseases caused by bacteria and pathogens invade the wound.
Control methods: Lower groundwater level, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions. The lesions were found, and the diseased skin was burned in a timely manner. A 70% thiophanate-methyl 50-times solution was applied, and the wound was protected with mud rope or coated with asphalt. After scraping the diseased area, 0.005% gibberellin (920) plus soil, or scrubbed with 1:4 pure alkali water, and then coated with Bordeaux, have a better wound healing effect.
2. Flax-colored spicules Flax-colored spicules mainly endanger seedlings, causing a large number of seedlings to die, commonly known as "miao-fung." At the onset of the disease, dark purple dots appeared on the leaves, followed by grayish-white lesions, and even became large lesions and leaves fell off. The disease is a fungal disease. The infection temperature is 10-15°C, and it is significantly lower than 20°C. The humid season is the most prosperous.
Control methods: Drainage and removal of weeds. Cut off the diseased leaves in time and pull out and burn the severed diseased seedlings. Spray 2 to 3 times 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 to 1000 times or Benzolide 1500 times before and during the epidemic.
3. Leaf spot leaf spot disease, including spot, angular and gray spot disease, mainly damage the leaves, causing early defoliation, weakening the tree vigor. Gray spot disease also harms the fruit and causes fruit rot. The disease is a fungal disease. The pathogenic bacteria invade from the pores of young leaves or the skin pores and wounds. It is prone to occur in warm and humid environments. It can infect many times in one year, and it is severe in the rainy season.
Prevention methods: Do a good job of drainage, pruning and clearing the garden, improve environmental conditions, increase tree vigor, and increase resistance to disease. In the spring, summer, autumn, and shoots, spray 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times, or 50% carbendazim 800-1000 times, and spray once every 10-15 days.
4. White feather disease White feather disease occurs in poorly drained orchards or planting too deep. During the rainy season, the pathogenic bacteria in the soil invaded the root formation layer and xylem, causing the roots to rot and the shoots in the shoots to wither. The disease is a fungal disease. It is usually a soil carrier.
Control methods: When transporting seedlings, strict quarantine is required. Strengthen gutter drainage and fertilization management, increase tree vigor, and increase resistance to disease. Excavate the diseased plants to remove the roots and disinfect the soil. Mild disease trees can be applied with 70% thiophanate-methyl on the ground around the main trunk, 320 grams per plant, or 160 grams of benzene to be applied between May and June and September to October. The main root disease department should be scraped off, and the above solution should be rooted and then covered with soil.
5. Anthracnose Anthracnose mainly damages mature fruits and causes fruit rot. Firstly, a light brown water-stained lesion appeared on the fruit, the fruit surface was sunken at the later stage, and black spots occurred on the lesions, which were arranged in concentric rings and spread rapidly. The disease is a fungal disease, transmitted by wind and rain and insects.
Control methods: Strengthen orchard water and soil management, increase tree vigor, and increase resistance to disease. Strengthen the work of clearing the garden and reduce the source of the disease. An orchard with a severe disease last year is sprayed with 0.5% to 0.6% Bordeaux mixture or 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 to 600 times for 1-2 times to protect the fruit.
(B) Physiological diseases
1. Sunburns Sunburns can occur on branches and fruits. When the stem burns, the dry bark of the bark begins to sag, and it starts to crack. Afterwards, the diseased part expands into a coke block, reaching deep into the xylem, and it resembles a flame. After the occurrence of fruit scorch, the flesh of the fruit was burned, and the diseased part was dark brown and sunken. The fruit completely lost its food value, which often led to the occurrence of anthrax. During the period of fruit coloration, high temperature and heavy fog are prone to occur, and fruits exposed to direct sunlight are also prone to occur. Long exposed branches under the hot sun, the bark easily burns.
Control methods: Breed anti-sun burn disease varieties, cultivate reasonable canopy, so that the branches are not exposed to direct sunlight. Strengthen soil improvement and fertilization management, so that the roots are deep-leaved. Fruit color conversion period bagging or water spray in the morning fog high temperature weather.
2. Tip Bacterial Blight The leaf tip scorch often leads to extreme weakness and loss of ability. The cause has not been identified. At the beginning of the disease, the tip of the leaf turned yellow, then expanded downward, and finally showed dark brown scorch. The diseased leaf is usually about 1 cm long and the tip burns to become malformed, while the diseased spot has a diameter of 2 to 3 cm. The diseased plant leaf is ossified or leaves only petiole, or falls off earlier, resulting in very small leaves on the tree. It usually occurs on young leaves that grow on the first leaves. Symptoms begin when the young leaves reach 2 cm, and the summer leaves are the most severe, followed by the spring leaves, and the fall leaves are less frequent.
Control methods: selection of disease-resistant varieties. Strengthen soil improvement and fertility management, increase tree vigor, and increase resistance to disease.
3. Fruit cracking in the rapid expansion of the fruit, if the heavy rainfall after a long drought, it will cause the rapid expansion of pulp cells will be exocarp burst, skin crack. Fruit cracking affects the appearance of the fruit, and it is easy to cause a variety of pathogens (mainly anthrax) infection and pest damage. The disease mostly occurred in overgrazing leggy trees and thin skin varieties, which occurred severely south of 25 degrees north latitude.
Control methods: Use varieties that are not easily cracked. In the rapid expansion of young fruit, top dressing outside the ground, such as spraying 0.2% of urea, borax or potassium dihydrogen phosphate have a good effect. The effect of spraying 0.1% ethephon and bagging during the color conversion period was obvious.
4. Purple spotted purple rust on the fruit, only affect the appearance, almost without affecting the meat quality. The symptoms of the disease suddenly appeared in the late stages of fruit ripening. In the harvesting season, sunny days and strong sunshine weather frequently occurred.
Control methods: selection of disease-resistant varieties. The fruit is bagged.
(c) Insect pests
1. The yellow caterpillar is the most important pest of earthworms, which harms the young leaves and severely weakens the tree vigor. The first generation of larvae also harms the fruit and feeds on the skin, affecting the appearance and even losing its food value. The larvae lurk on the back of the old leaves or on the trunk during the daytime, and sooner or later climb up to the surface of the young leaves. In serious cases, the new shoots are destroyed and the tree vigor is affected.
Control methods: manual killing, elimination of overwintering mites on the main veins and branches of the leaves and destroying larvae on young leaves. In the initial stage of each new shoot initiation, the hazard should be promptly sprayed with 40% dimethoate 1000 times solution, or 80% dichlorvos 800-1000 times solution, or 20% chlorinated chrysanthemum (quick killing D) 4000-5000 times solution. Fruit ripening period, disable any pesticide.
(2) Pyrospharus sinensis Pyrosimae mainly damages the bast tissue of fruits and stems. The fruits that were damaged in the early stages died many times. In the later stages, the infected fruit contained many insects and could not be eaten. The larvae on the branches penetrated into the epidermis and licked the cortex. The callus that was grafted on the seedlings was also often eaten and died. The instar larvae are milky white and pale red later, and the mature larvae have dark brown heads and overwintering in the stem rind or grafted knots. General hazards begin in early April until mid-October.
Prevention methods: protect the wound. Trap adult worms. The larvae hatch insecticides in March and spray them again 5 to 7 days later.
3. The boat-shaped caterpillar, boat-shaped caterpillar, is also known as cockroach boat moth. The first-instar larvae are purplish red, with clusters, well-developed silk threads, and eating more leaf-meats, and the damaged leaves become gauzy. There are many insects and large amounts of food. They often eat the whole leaves. The larvae were frightened and drooping drooped.
Prevention methods: Autumn or winter (more in October) often inspects the orchards and removes cluster damage leaves. If the hazard has been dispersed, use 50% dichlorvos 800 times solution or 20% chlorinated (fast killing) 5000 times solution or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution to spray.
(4) The calf's dangers are mainly S. tianniu, S. tianniu, M. yunnanensis and M. erythropoda. The prevention and control methods are related to the prevention and treatment of C. chinensis.
5. Leopard wood maggot moth Leopard wood moth is also known as coffee moth moth. The larvae feed on the branch and the victim branches break or die. One generation occurred in 1 year and the larvae wintered in the branch's insect tract. Adults have phototaxis and spawn at shoots or shoots. The newly hatched larvae mostly invaded from the buds at the tip of the young shoots and turned into the neighbors after the shoots fell. The larvae have a body length of 30 to 40 mm, a reddish color, and a brownish-brown head. Hazard 0.5 to 5 cm thick branches pith, foraging from the bottom up, the insect path round, bite out a hole not far from the outside, fecal particles oblong, sharp, non-friable, and Tiancui feces Distinguishable.
Control methods: pruning in winter, cut off pests. From March to April and June to July, they were frequently inspected and found that the wilty shoots were promptly cut off and burned. Light traps adult worms. When the larvae invade deeper, 80% trichlorfon is injected 10-30 times into the wormhole and the yellow mud is applied externally.
