Greenhouse cultivation technology of apricot tree greenhouse
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II. Orchard establishment in apricot trees
1. The site selection chooses leeward sunny, convenient irrigation and drainage, high dry terrain, fertile sandy land construction. Each shed is prepared to rot 3000 to 4000 kg of manure, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 25 kg of apricot tree special fertilizer. Digging planting ditch, ridge on the ditch, the seedlings planted on the ridge, north and south line, spacing 12 meters.
2. The structure of the facility adopts a string solar greenhouse. East to west, length 50 meters to 80 meters, span 8 meters to 9 meters. The back wall is 1.6 to 2 meters high, the ridge height is 2.8 to 3.4 meters, and the rear roof is 1.2 to 1.6 meters long. The front roof is straight and the front wall is 1 meter high. The rear wall vents are 1 meter high and 8 holes. The top vent is a two-piece membrane. When vented, the membrane and backslope connector are opened. Skeleton spacing 60 cm to 80 cm. The shed film is a longevity drop-free polyethylene film. Grass curtains are 3 cm to 5 cm thick, 1.2 m to 1.4 m wide, and 0.5 m longer than the front roof.
3. Seedlings were selected for seedlings with full shoots, thick branches, and complete and well-developed root systems. After the seedlings were selected, the roots were immersed for 24 hours before planting, and then the roots were soaked with 0.3% copper sulfate for 1 hour or sprayed with 3 Baumide Lithosulfur. The plants were sterilized and then planted.
4. The planting method is best at the end of March and early April when the ground temperature rises in the spring. When planting, the seedlings are planted in the planned plots, and the seedlings are to maintain the extension of the roots. After planting, watering, filming and set dry, dry height 40 cm to 50 cm.
Third, cultivation technology measures
1. Pruning
At the end of May and early June, the fixed tip was set, and the remaining 7 to 12 tips with better angles were selected and the rest were erased. When the new shoot grows to 40 centimeters, 2 to 4 shoots are selected to be cultured, and “V†shape or happy shape pruning is performed; for the other new shoots, the shoot is picked up, 2 shoots are made, and the shoot is upright, and it is necessary to repeatedly pick up the heart; , too dense branches erased. At the beginning of August, 2000 times of PP333 was used to suppress the growth of new shoots and promote flowering. The spray was sprayed once every 10 days. In the middle or late August, the branches were opened. Spray 10% to 12% urea in early November. Before the shed, remove too much and too dense branches, stand upright on the back, remove branches and branches, and adjust the structure of the tree. After the shed has warmed up, it carries out flowering cuts and cuts short some of the result branches that are too large to control the amount of flowers. Before the fruit enlarges until the fruit matures, it picks up many times for new shoots to control the growth of new shoots, increases the fruit setting rate and fruit weight, and can use the method of erasing or twisting shoots on the back upright shoots. After the fruit was harvested in the middle and mid-May, the growth balance of the tree was adjusted by means of retraction and thinning to prevent compensatory growth.
2. Flower and fruit management flowering greenhouse humidity, and the lack of pollinators, to be artificially assisted pollination. After flowering, flowers are pollinated by brush every day from 8 am to 11 am to increase fruit setting rate. About 20 days after flowering, fruit thinning was combined to remove fruit and small fruit and deformed fruit. During fruit thinning, generally 3 to 4 fruit trees are left in the long fruiting branches, 2 to 3 fruit trees in the middle fruit branches, and 1 fruit in the short fruit branches to make the fruits evenly distributed in the canopy and reach a reasonable load.
3. The principle of fertilizer and water management is to promote the post-control, that is to promote the main before July 15, after the main control. When the new shoot grows to about 15 centimeters in length, chase fast-acting fertilizers and alternate with foliar sprays. Top dressing 50 grams of urea per plant, foliar spraying of 0.3% urea or 0.4% to 0.5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spray every 10 days to 15 days, 3 times to 4 times, in August after the main phosphorus and potassium fertilizer , spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice to 3 times. The end of September to early October application of farmyard manure and compound fertilizer, chicken manure 500 kg per pot, 75 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. After the shed, 100 grams of urea per plant were applied before germination, and 100 grams of sulfuric acid compound fertilizer was applied to each fruit after the deflowering to the fruit expansion, and 0.3% urea and 0.3% to 0.4% were sprayed every 10 days to 15 days. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Irrigate three times, the first time around 20 days before the shed, the second time after the flower is poured with water as the soil conditions, and the third watering is at the hard nucleus stage.
4. After the pest control shed, 3~5 bumeido lime sulfur was sprayed before budding to prevent overwintering diseases and insect pests. The bell flowering stage sprayed once again to clean the nymphs and red spiders. The growing season looked like pests and diseases, spraying 1 Pass pests and fungicides over 2 times.
5. The shed environment was adjusted in early December. Pull up 1/3 of the grasshopper first, and then pull up 1/2 grasshopper, until the mid-December, pull the draft in the day and start warming up. The temperature of the greenhouse was raised 15 to 20 days before the greenhouse was raised, so that the ground temperature was slowly increased. When the greenhouse was warmed up, the ground temperature and temperature were coordinated. After Xie Hua, in addition to mulching to prevent high temperature damage.