Mechanization Technology of Straw Returning to Farmland

The autumn straw returning mechanization technology refers to the use of different straw smashing and returning machines, and the corn, rice, sugarcane and other straws are directly chopped and returned to the field.

(I) Technology for Returning Corn Straw

1. Technical content

After corn is picked, the corn stalks are returned to the field and smashed on the ground and evenly scattered on the ground. Conventional tillage can be used to smash roots by using a disc harrow or rotary cultivator, add a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and then use a deep plow to plunge. After the leveling, use a disc type seeder to sow wheat.

2. skills requirement

The quality requirements of corn stalk return operation: cutting height ≤ 8cm, stalk cutting length ≤ 10 cm, dispersal uneven rate ≤ 20%.

(1) straw smashed back to the field. After the corn has been picked, the moisture content of the straw is more than 30%, and it is crushed in time with the straw crushing and returning machine. When working, it is necessary to select the tractor operating gear and adjust the height of the stubble to prevent leakage. The corn stalk cannot be crushed after being knocked down. The ground clearance of the working part should be controlled at more than 5cm.

(2) Deep plowing and burial. When corn stalks are buried, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer should be added in an appropriate amount in order to speed up decomposition of straw and promote it to become effective nutrients as soon as possible. It is appropriate to plow the plow to break the bottom layer of the plough. Through ploughing, pressing, and covering, the soil caused by the straw is eliminated, and the water is promptly poured to promote decomposition of the straw.

3. Precautions

(1) The corn should be returned to the field immediately after harvesting.

(2) When operating to the ground, it is necessary to wait until the straw is completely chopped and then lift the straw back to the field.

(3) When returning the field machine to work, the personnel should not approach the rotating part. It is forbidden to sit on the field returning machine. When reversing, the power should be cut off to stop turning and the chopper should be lifted.

(II) Mechanization Technology of Crushing Sugarcane Leaves to Field

1. Technical content

The sugarcane leaf comminution and mechanization technology refers to the operation of using a sugarcane leaf comminution and returning machine to crush the sugarcane leaves and sugarcane tips disposed in the sugarcane field, and then burying the sugarcane leaves buried in the soil through the machine.

2. skills requirement

(1) Operating conditions: The cane spacing is 110cm to 150cm; the moisture content of the cane leaf is <30%; the land is relatively flat, the slope is <15 degrees; the rattan root is less than 3cm.

(2) Operational quality: The crushed length of sugarcane leaves is <25cm, and the passing rate should be >80%; the rate of remaining worms in damaged roots is <8%, and the leakage rate is <8%. Sugarcane leaves and cane tip length <25cm, pick up rate> 90%, crushed sugarcane leaves thrown evenly.

(3) Technical route

Landfill buried (new planting sugarcane)

Mechanical crushing (cutting), throwing sugar cane leaves →

Soil buried in ridges or cultivators (Rattan cane)

3. Precautions

(1) After the sugarcane is harvested, the sugarcane leaves and sugarcane tip surfaces that are to be disposed of in the sugarcane field are dried by water or dried, and then the sugarcane leaves are crushed and returned to the field for operation.

(2) During operation, attention should be paid to adjusting the sugarcane leaf comminution to the blade of the field machine or the distance from the top of the hammer to a ground clearance of about 10cm to prevent the blade or hammer from cutting into the soil and damage the ratoon cane.

(3) After the ratoon cane leaves are crushed, if the cultivator is used for cultivating the soil, the cane leaves should be buried in the soil below 15-20 cm.

Goji Polysaccharides is a rare plant polysaccharides containing protein, which have side chains of polysaccharide composed by six carbon sugars (rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose) and main chains of protein composed by 18 kinds of amino acids. The glycoproteins with biological activity is a high-strength immune enhancer.

Wolfberry products with stable quality are all natural, safe, sanitary and fast absorption.Lycium barbarum polysaccharide extraction and purification is divided into two steps. First, the extraction of Chinese wolfberry crude polysaccharides, the second is purified Lycium barbarum polysaccharide. Crude polysaccharides extraction process is as follows: Weigh dried crushed medlar, petroleum ether: acetone (1: 1) reflux degreasing, the solvent was filtered off, the residue was air-dried 80% ethanol off monosaccharide and oligosaccharides. 
The polysaccharide is extracted by water after dissolving the residues such as oligosaccharides in water at 90-100 DEG C, the extract is concentrated under reduced pressure, the polysaccharides are precipitated by ethanol, the precipitates are washed with anhydrous ethanol and acetone, and the lycium polysaccharides are dried under vacuum. The crude polysaccharide is purified by passing the Lycium barbarum polysaccharide through a column of DEAE cellulose with different concentrations of NaCl as an eluent, concentrating the eluates with different salt concentrations respectively under reduced pressure, desalting them by dialysis, and then lyophilizing them differently Grape Lycium glycoprotein.

Modern medical research suggests that wolfberry polysaccharides can improve human immunity and have functions as anti-cancer, cancer treatment, hematopoiesis, liver protection and hypotensive, free radicals removal , anti-fatigue, anti-radiation, and cell activity improvement; Goji polysaccharides can control cells division& differentiation, and regulate cell growth & aging, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical, health food and other fields.

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