Japan: Developed high-quality new materials in small cashew nuts
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NEC has developed a bioplastic material that uses a plant degree (ratio of plant material to total mass) of up to 70%. Some properties of the new bioplastics such as toughness, impact resistance and heat resistance are no less than polylactic acid. The company plans to continue to develop bioplastic materials research in the field of electronic equipment materials, and strive to be practical in 2013. The main raw materials for new bioplastics are cellulose in plant stems and cardanol in cashew nut shells.
The specific production step is a reaction between cellulose (cellulose acetate) which has been improved in activity by acetic acid and cardanol which has been activated by reforming and reforming, and which is reacted in an organic solvent. Thereby a heat-meltable plastic is obtained. When the reaction is carried out, a substance having a higher density is added. The company has not specifically disclosed the details of the additive, but it has been known to be a substance having a highly reactive functional group on the benzene ring.
The company believes that cellulose is also good for cardanol, and it is guaranteed in terms of output. It is a raw material that can be stably supplied. Cellulose acetate is a practical bioplastic. Mainly used for making photo and film film, as well as polarizing film for display. However, in order to obtain plasticity, it is necessary to add a large amount of a plasticizer derived from petroleum, and an additive which increases strength and heat resistance is required, so that the plant degree is about 40%. In addition, since it is low in water resistance (high water absorption), it is not suitable for use in a casing of an electronic product, and the use is limited to the aforementioned film material. The new material uses plant-derived cardanol instead of plasticizers, so planting levels of up to 70% can be achieved. In addition, compared with PLA which is popular in bioplastics, although the planting degree of PLA itself is 100%, in the case of structural parts, in order to improve strength, fluidity, etc., petroleum-derived plastics are added, and most The actual plant degree in the case is about 25%. Therefore, NEC believes that new materials have an advantage over PLA in terms of plant degree. However, there are still some problems in the fluidity and flame retardancy of new materials, and if additives are used to improve these problems in the future, the degree of planting may be degraded. On the other hand, research on extracting acetic acid for use in reforming cellulose from plants is also progressing, and if it is successful, it is expected to increase the plant degree to nearly 90%. Cardanol is a phenolic substance in which linear hydrocarbons are bonded in the vicinity of the hydroxyl group. Due to the presence of this part, the material is rendered hydrophobic and flexible. It has been used as a friction adjusting material for automotive brakes, a coating material, and an additive for insulating materials. However, the current state of the art is that no cashew nut shell is used, and most of the shell is used as a fuel.
In the future, NEC will further focus on the improvement of physical properties of this material and the establishment of mass production technology. Currently, it is only a laboratory-level synthesis reaction, and it is planned to develop a process that can perform efficient synthesis. Imagine working with material manufacturers in mass production.