Advanced medical applications that combine biology and electronics

In a recent article published on June 3, 2008, the focus was on groundbreaking advancements at the International Solid State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) in San Francisco. These developments highlight the convergence of biology and electronics, paving the way for innovative medical technologies. One notable innovation is a wireless silicon crystal monitor that can be used like an "OK stretcher," designed to be disposable after use. Another promising development is a chip that could serve as the first commercial artificial retina, offering hope for vision restoration. Additionally, researchers are exploring components capable of measuring brainwave patterns, which can be embedded deep within the brain. These innovations have sparked widespread interest among scientists and engineers, reinforcing the belief that biology will soon become a major frontier in electronic applications. Mark McDermott, a researcher at the University of Texas, emphasized the importance of interdisciplinary learning, suggesting that engineers should study both electrical engineering and natural sciences. He also highlighted the growing interest in medical technology among professionals in the field, drawing from his experience at companies like Freescale and Intel. At the ISSCC conference, Arto Nurmikko from Brown University discussed brain implant designs that integrate electronics, optics, and anatomy. He described this as a highly interdisciplinary field, combining elements of computer science, engineering, biology, and even precision mechanics akin to Swiss watchmaking. Chris Van Hoof, a researcher at IMEC in Belgium, addressed the increasing interaction between silicon-based technologies and the human body. He noted that these systems are becoming more integrated and sophisticated, with implications for future healthcare solutions. Looking ahead, patients equipped with wireless wearable sensors may no longer need frequent hospital visits. Hyung Kyu Lim, CEO of Samsung Advanced Technology Research Institute, outlined how healthcare equipment and service robots are emerging as key consumer products. However, these systems require advanced machine intelligence, making them complex and costly to develop. Toumaz Technology introduced a custom chip at ISSCC that turns a wireless monitor into a disposable sticker. This device represents one of many smart wearable components aiming to provide convenient home-based medical monitoring. Alison Burdett, technical director at Toumaz, pointed out that chronic diseases are placing a growing burden on global health systems, emphasizing the need for better solutions. A U.S. healthcare company is reportedly collaborating with Toumaz to launch a silicon-based medical patch by the end of 2009, with other companies like GE and Philips also exploring similar initiatives. To improve efficiency, Toumaz has developed custom hardware and protocols for wireless networks operating between 800MHz and 900MHz, with data rates up to 50kbps. The chip's communication current is just 2.5mA, while its digital control section uses only 100μW. Burdett explained that customized Media Access Controllers (MACs) are essential to manage interference in short-range communications, requiring multiple buffer layers. Despite being custom-designed, the patch is expected to cost as little as $5 when launched, with a small chip size of 16mm². Infineon Technologies will manufacture it using a 130nm process, and Burdett noted that most costs come from assembly rather than the silicon itself. The chip can connect to various sensors, including electrocardiogram, three-axis accelerometer, and blood glucose monitors. Although it supports one sensor at a time, it can switch between three. In a ready-made design, it can be integrated into a watch or badge to track body temperature and daily health metrics. Field tests involving 200 users showed that even a single sensor can detect subtle changes in daily life, according to Hitachi engineers. These devices are packaged in a 30cm³ module featuring a 32-bit H8S processor running on a ZigBee network. In the realm of implant technology, Albrecht Rothermel from the University of Ulm introduced a chip that could be the first commercial artificial retina. Developed in collaboration with Retina Implant, this device features a 1,600-pixel array and measures 3x3.5mm. Manufactured using 0.8μm technology, it has a thickness of just 20μm and includes a CMOS imager with a dynamic range of 170dB. It uses a wide voltage swing for retinal stimulation and a new power architecture to sequentially address pixels, potentially restoring some vision for blind individuals. ——Shanghai Medical Device Industry Association

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