Winter vegetable greenhouse cultivation cucumber technology
Winter cucumber cultivation in vegetable greenhouses involves several key steps to ensure high yield and quality. First, selecting the right variety is crucial. Recommended varieties include local cucumber, Shanghai Yangxing cucumber, and Nongda 14, which are known for their high productivity and adaptability to greenhouse conditions.
Second, nurturing strong seedlings is essential. Sowing typically occurs between late December and mid-January. Seedlings are raised in greenhouses using electric hotbeds or straw bioreactor systems. The ideal seedling age is around 40-45 days, with a seeding rate of approximately 0.1 kg per mu. Before sowing, seeds are soaked in clean water, then placed in 55°C hot water for about 15 minutes, followed by soaking at room temperature for 1-2 hours. Seedbeds should be prepared in areas not previously used for melon crops, with beds leveled and watered before planting. A mixture of soil, ash, and fertilizer is applied to the bed, ensuring good drainage and nutrient content.
Temperature control is critical during seedling growth. Initially, maintain temperatures between 25°C and 30°C during the day and 20°C at night. After seedlings emerge, gradually reduce the temperature to 25°C during the day and 16°C at night. Transplanting into nutrient cups is done 4-5 days after sowing, with careful management of humidity and temperature to prevent leggy growth. Watering should be done on sunny days, and a solution of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% urea can be applied to promote healthy growth.
Third, timely planting is necessary. Greenhouses are covered with plastic mulch and straw drapes. When seedlings reach 40-45 days old, with 5-6 true leaves and a height of 15-20 cm, they are ready for transplanting. Planting is usually done in two rows, spaced 40-60 cm apart, with 2500-2700 plants per mu.
Fourth, field management plays a vital role. Fertilizer and water management must be consistent. A base fertilizer of 2.5 tons per mu and 45 kg of compound fertilizer is applied before planting. After transplanting, 1000 kg of organic manure is given, with additional fertilization every 15 days. Cucumbers require regular watering to keep the soil moist, especially during the growing season. In the fruiting stage, irrigation is done every 1-2 weeks based on soil moisture. In straw bioreactor greenhouses, fertilizer use is reduced by 70%.
Temperature control is also important after planting. Initially, maintain a warm environment to help seedlings adjust. Once established, focus on heat retention, frost protection, and proper ventilation. On sunny days, temperatures should be kept between 28-30°C, while on cloudy days, maintain around 20°C. Nighttime temperatures should not drop below 15°C. Small sheds are removed once vines start to grow, and the main cover remains until harvest ends.
Fifth, flower preservation is crucial. During the early flowering stage, applying Baoguo Ling diluted 100 times helps protect fruits, while adding colorants at 500 times dilution can improve yield and quality.
Finally, pest and disease control is essential. Common diseases include downy mildew, blight, wilt, and powdery mildew. Crop rotation and lime application are effective preventive measures. Early detection and treatment of downy mildew are critical. Spraying with 25% carbendazim, 70% Antler, or 58% Rhodendron at 500 times dilution every 5-7 days is recommended. If an outbreak occurs, 72% mancozeb at 750 times or 69% Anke at 600 times can be used. During rainy periods, 45% chlorothalonil can be applied, followed by closing the greenhouse overnight and ventilating the next morning. For pests like locusts, 7000 times Kangfu or 2500 times net spray is effective.
By following these practices, farmers can achieve successful winter cucumber production in greenhouses, ensuring both quality and profitability.
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