Watermelon fire mushroom breeding four steps
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Watermelon fire mushroom nursery is an efficient and cost-effective method for raising healthy watermelon seedlings, especially during cold seasons. It offers rapid temperature increase, even heat distribution, and easy operation, making it a practical alternative to electric hotbeds. This technique can produce strong seedlings in low-temperature conditions, typically between 1 to 2 months.
To begin, the seedbed should be constructed in a north-south orientation. The bed should measure 4.5 meters in length and 1.6 meters in width, with a depth of 20 centimeters. At one end, a fire pit is dug—1.3 meters long, 1 meter wide, and 1.5 meters deep. A 40-centimeter-wide ditch is then dug around the bottom of the bed. At the far end of the fire pit, a 40-centimeter-deep and 20-centimeter-deep trench is created. A central pit is dug, 5 centimeters deeper than the original bed floor at the fire pit’s end, sloping toward the excavated trench. A small 16 cm by 16 cm ditch is also made in the middle of the fire pit to help distribute heat evenly. The ditch runs along the south and north sides, connecting to the other end of the bed.
A small arched hole is then carved into the wall facing the center of the bed. The hole has a semi-circular top, measuring 60 cm high, 45 cm wide, and 30 cm deep. Above this, a 13 cm diameter fire pit is dug, connecting to the main fire pit. A stove is built inside the hole. The fire pit is covered with tiles or similar materials, sealed tightly with mud to prevent leaks. The soil is then refilled to restore the original bed level. Two central fire paths extend beyond the bed, linking to the chimney on the side walls. Finally, a perimeter wall is built around the seedbed. The northern wall is 40 cm high, while the southern wall is only 10 cm. The eastern and western ends are slanted.
Before planting, the seedbed is filled with nutrient-rich soil. Field soil is mixed with half of well-rotted manure, and 0.5 kg of urea (or diammonium phosphate) is added per cubic meter of soil. After mixing, the soil is placed into the bed with a thickness of 10 cm. Three days before sowing, the bed is watered with warm water. Once the soil is moist but not too sticky, the area is divided into 10 cm square blocks, and fine sand is used to fill the gaps. A plastic sheet is then placed over the surface to retain heat.
Sowing time depends on the growing method and the desired seedling age. Typically, watermelon seeds are sown in mid-February. Before planting, the seeds are soaked and germinated. When the soil temperature at 5 cm depth reaches 16°C, the seeds are sown on a sunny day, either in the morning or afternoon. After sowing, the seeds are lightly covered with 1 cm of soil and the bed is covered with plastic. At night, a cover is placed over the bed to protect from cold temperatures.
After sowing, the seedbed temperature should be kept around 30°C. Once most of the seedlings emerge, the temperature is adjusted to 20–25°C during the day and 15–20°C at night. After the seedlings have broken through, the temperature is maintained at 22–28°C during the day and 15–20°C at night. Covers should be removed early in the morning to allow more light. If the soil becomes too dry, warm water at 30°C can be applied at noon on sunny days, followed by re-covering the bed. If no fertilizer is detected, a 2% urea solution can be sprayed on the leaves to promote growth.