How to increase the early yield of fragrant walnut trees
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In 2002, our company introduced fragrance walnut trees for cultivation. This species is known for its strong growth vigor, drought resistance, and low soil requirements, making it ideal for planting in areas with poor soil conditions. The fragrance walnut is a late-bearing variety, typically producing fruit only from the top buds, which results in a low initial yield. To encourage earlier fruiting and boost early production, we have accumulated five years of practical experience, which we now share to help farmers improve their yields.
Pruning strategies for fragrance walnut trees are based on the unique characteristics of the top bud. By using pruning techniques, we aim to increase the number of branches—thereby increasing the number of terminal buds—and ultimately boosting the overall yield. There are two main types of pruning: summer pruning and winter pruning.
Winter pruning is most effective from late autumn to the beginning of spring. However, in recent years, we’ve observed that pruning after the Spring Festival also yields good results. It’s important to monitor temperature fluctuations. When temperatures fluctuate around 0°C, pruning may not be advisable due to potential damage. Once the temperature stabilizes at or above 0°C, it’s safe to proceed. Therefore, the timing of pruning should be adjusted based on annual weather conditions.
Winter pruning for fragrance walnut trees is relatively simple. The general approach involves shortening the main branches, leaving cuts between 40 to 50 cm. The first bud is cut 2 cm above the cut line, while the central leader is pruned to leave buds. Other branches are also left with buds to promote more branching. Since fragrance walnuts grow large branches annually—often over 1.5 meters in length—it’s necessary to prune slightly heavier to prevent bare spots at the base, which could cause the fruiting area to shift and negatively impact production.
Summer pruning focuses on removing dense branches and lifting drooping ones. Starting in May, when new shoots exceed 30 cm in length, the first topping is performed. Shoots are kept to a maximum of 30 cm, with buds or lateral buds left in place to maintain proper layer spacing. If secondary branches grow beyond 30 cm, another topping is done, again keeping the length under 30 cm and leaving buds. This process is repeated three times by July, helping to form a strong fruiting branch structure. Each branch can develop multiple top buds, leading to higher yields.
In addition to pruning, several supportive measures are essential. After the first topping, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate (300 times dilution) every 15 days, optionally combined with pest control, until the leaves fall. This helps slow branch growth and encourages shoot enrichment. Around July, stop applying nitrogen fertilizer and increase phosphorus and potassium levels. Avoid watering before August to allow the tree to harden off.
Starting in July, apply paclobutrazol (300–500 times dilution) once a month to control excessive shoot growth, promote flower bud differentiation, and improve the quality of mixed shoots. Increasing the number of terminal buds will significantly enhance the early yield of fragrance walnut trees. These practices, when applied consistently, can greatly improve productivity and make the fragrance walnut a more profitable crop for farmers.
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