How to ferment sawdust to make nutritious soil
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How to Turn Sawdust into Nutrient-Rich Soil
In many forestry areas, sawdust is often seen as a waste product that piles up and creates environmental pressure. However, sawdust is actually a valuable resource when used properly—it can be transformed into high-quality organic soil or even animal feed. With the right approach, its value can be doubled.
Sawdust contains about 58.4% carbon, 0.26% nitrogen, 0.08% hydrogen, and 2.6% ash, giving it a high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. This makes it difficult for natural microbial activity to break it down efficiently—natural fermentation can take one to two years. To speed up the process, using a biological starter like Gumbol can significantly reduce the time needed.
However, proper preparation is essential. One of the key steps is adjusting the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio by adding a nitrogen source such as urea or poultry manure. This helps create an ideal environment for microbial activity during fermentation.
Here’s how you can do it:
1. **Prepare the Materials**
For every 2 m³ of sawdust, mix in:
- 1 bag of microbial fermentation agent
- 2 kg of urea (or 50–100 kg of poultry manure)
- 5 kg of rice bran
2. **Adjust Moisture Content**
Before starting, check the moisture level of the sawdust. The ideal moisture should be around 60–65%. A simple way to test this is to squeeze a handful—if water doesn’t drip out, it's just right. If too wet or too dry, it will hinder the fermentation process.
Dissolve 2 kg of urea in water to make a urea solution for later use.
3. **Mix the Microbial Agent**
To ensure even distribution, mix the microbial starter with 5 kg of rice bran. This makes it easier to spread evenly over the sawdust pile.
4. **Layer and Apply**
Spread the mixture over the sawdust pile, then sprinkle the urea solution evenly. Make sure the pile is compacted but still allows for air circulation. Cover it with a breathable material if possible.
5. **Turn the Pile**
After 7–10 days, the temperature inside the pile should reach around 60°C. At this point, turn the pile once to promote even decomposition. Let it rest for another 24–36 hours at high temperature, then turn it again. After the second turn, let it sit undisturbed for 5–7 days. When the temperature stabilizes below 40°C, the fermentation is complete.
Under normal conditions, the process takes 25–30 days. If you prefer a more mature compost, you can extend the time to 30–45 days.
By following these steps, you can transform waste sawdust into rich, organic soil that’s perfect for gardening, farming, or even livestock feed. It’s a sustainable and eco-friendly way to recycle a common byproduct and give it new life.