Buckwheat planting technology
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Buckwheat is a fast-growing crop that takes only 70 to 80 days to mature. It has strong adaptability and high nutritional value, making it an ideal crop for filling, disaster relief, and soil improvement. Farmers have long recognized its importance, and successful production depends on mastering four key factors.
First, timely sowing is essential. Buckwheat is sensitive to temperature, and the saying goes, "Early sowing three days without seeding, late sowing with three days of frost killing." In our region, the best time to sow buckwheat is at the end of August or early September. Before planting, the soil should be well tilled and loose. Seeds should be soaked in warm water (30–40°C) for about 10 minutes to improve germination. Sow approximately 5 kg per acre and cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil, about 3 cm deep. This method helps increase the germination rate and promotes faster emergence and growth.
Second, proper fertilization plays a vital role in boosting yield. Applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers significantly enhances productivity. Based on buckwheat's growth cycle, it's recommended to apply 750–1000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, along with 15–20 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 30 kg of wood ash. These nutrients support healthy plant development and higher yields.
Third, effective field management is crucial. Buckwheat fields need good drainage to prevent waterlogging. After sowing, if there is a drought, irrigation should be done regularly to keep the soil moist and ensure uniform seedling emergence. In areas without irrigation, watering in the early morning or evening before the seedlings emerge can help strengthen them. Since buckwheat grows slowly and is prone to weeds, weeding should be done when the seedlings reach 6–8 cm in height. Weak plants should be removed to promote better growth. A second cultivation should be done before flowering to loosen the soil and encourage root development. During the flowering and fruiting stages, applying a foliar spray containing 0.5 kg of urea and 200 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 60 liters of water, 1–2 times, can help prevent nutrient deficiency and premature aging.
Finally, artificial pollination is necessary to increase the seed set rate. In natural conditions, the seed-bearing rate of buckwheat rarely exceeds 20%. To improve this, bee pollination during the flowering period is recommended. Alternatively, farmers can perform 2–3 rounds of manual pollination. The method involves using a nylon rope, with two people holding each end and gently dragging it across the top of the plants. This action helps shake the flower branches, promoting pollen dispersal and improving pollination efficiency.